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Ecomorphology reveals Euler spiral of mammalian whiskers
Journal of Morphology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21246 Gary Dougill 1 , Eugene L Starostin 2, 3 , Alyx O Milne 1 , Gert H M van der Heijden 3 , Victor G A Goss 2 , Robyn A Grant 1
Journal of Morphology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21246 Gary Dougill 1 , Eugene L Starostin 2, 3 , Alyx O Milne 1 , Gert H M van der Heijden 3 , Victor G A Goss 2 , Robyn A Grant 1
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Whiskers are present in many species of mammals. They are specialised vibrotactile sensors that sit within strongly innervated follicles. Whisker size and shape will affect the mechanical signals that reach the follicle, and hence the information that reaches the brain. However, whisker size and shape have not been quantified across mammals before. Using a novel method for describing whisker curvature, this study quantifies whisker size and shape across 19 mammalian species. We find that gross two‐dimensional whisker shape is relatively conserved across mammals. Indeed, whiskers are all curved, tapered rods that can be summarised by Euler spiral models of curvature and linear models of taper, which has implications for whisker growth and function. We also observe that aquatic and semi‐aquatic mammals have relatively thicker, stiffer, and more highly tapered whiskers than arboreal and terrestrial species. In addition, smaller mammals tend to have relatively long, slender, flexible whiskers compared to larger species. Therefore, we propose that whisker morphology varies between larger aquatic species, and smaller scansorial species. These two whisker morphotypes are likely to induce quite different mechanical signals in the follicle, which has implications for follicle anatomy as well as whisker function.
中文翻译：
生态形态学揭示了哺乳动物胡须的欧拉螺旋
晶须存在于许多哺乳动物中。它们是位于强烈神经支配的毛囊内的专门的振动触觉传感器。晶须的大小和形状会影响到达毛囊的机械信号，从而影响到达大脑的信息。然而，之前尚未对哺乳动物的胡须大小和形状进行量化。本研究使用一种描述晶须曲率的新方法量化了 19 种哺乳动物的晶须大小和形状。我们发现，在哺乳动物中，粗大的二维晶须形状相对保守。事实上，晶须都是弯曲的锥形杆，可以用欧拉曲率螺旋模型和锥度线性模型来概括，这对晶须的生长和功能有影响。我们还观察到水生和半水生哺乳动物有相对较厚、较硬、和比树栖和陆生物种更高度锥形的胡须。此外，与较大的物种相比，较小的哺乳动物往往具有相对较长、细长、灵活的胡须。因此，我们建议较大的水生物种和较小的扫描物种之间的胡须形态有所不同。这两种晶须形态类型可能会在毛囊中诱导完全不同的机械信号，这对毛囊解剖结构和晶须功能都有影响。
更新日期：2020-08-01
中文翻译：
生态形态学揭示了哺乳动物胡须的欧拉螺旋
晶须存在于许多哺乳动物中。它们是位于强烈神经支配的毛囊内的专门的振动触觉传感器。晶须的大小和形状会影响到达毛囊的机械信号，从而影响到达大脑的信息。然而，之前尚未对哺乳动物的胡须大小和形状进行量化。本研究使用一种描述晶须曲率的新方法量化了 19 种哺乳动物的晶须大小和形状。我们发现，在哺乳动物中，粗大的二维晶须形状相对保守。事实上，晶须都是弯曲的锥形杆，可以用欧拉曲率螺旋模型和锥度线性模型来概括，这对晶须的生长和功能有影响。我们还观察到水生和半水生哺乳动物有相对较厚、较硬、和比树栖和陆生物种更高度锥形的胡须。此外，与较大的物种相比，较小的哺乳动物往往具有相对较长、细长、灵活的胡须。因此，我们建议较大的水生物种和较小的扫描物种之间的胡须形态有所不同。这两种晶须形态类型可能会在毛囊中诱导完全不同的机械信号，这对毛囊解剖结构和晶须功能都有影响。
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