Smoking is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. Due to social pressures to quit smoking, many pregnant women are vaping as an alternative nicotine source. However, the metabolic consequences of replacing tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes during pregnancy are unknown. Therefore, in the mothers and their offspring, we investigated the metabolic and hepatic impacts of replacing cigarette smoke with e-vapour during pregnancy. Female BALB/c mice were either air-exposed or cigarette smoke-exposed (SE) from six weeks before pregnancy until lactation. At mating, a subset of the SE mice were instead exposed to e-vapour. Markers of glucose and lipid metabolism were measured in the livers and plasma, from the mothers and their male offspring (13 weeks). In the SE mothers, plasma insulin levels were reduced, leading to downstream increases in hepatic gluconeogenesis and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). In the e-vapour replacement mothers, these changes were not as significant. In the SE offspring, there was impaired glucose tolerance, and increased plasma NEFA and liver triglyceride concentrations. E-vapour replacement restored lipid homeostasis but did not improve glucose tolerance. Therefore, in a murine model, low dose e-cigarette replacement during pregnancy is less toxic than cigarette smoke.

吸烟是代谢疾病发展的重要危险因素。由于戒烟的社会压力，许多孕妇将电子烟作为替代尼古丁来源。然而，在怀孕期间用电子烟代替烟草卷烟的代谢后果尚不清楚。因此，在母亲及其后代中，我们调查了怀孕期间用电子蒸汽代替香烟烟雾对代谢和肝脏的影响。从怀孕前六周到哺乳期，雌性 BALB/c 小鼠要么暴露在空气中，要么暴露在香烟烟雾中 (SE)。在交配时，一部分 SE 小鼠反而暴露在电子蒸汽中。在母亲及其雄性后代（13 周）的肝脏和血浆中测量了葡萄糖和脂质代谢的标志物。在 SE 母亲中，血浆胰岛素水平降低，导致肝糖异生和血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）的下游增加。在电子蒸汽替代母亲中，这些变化并不那么显着。在 SE 后代中，葡萄糖耐量受损，血浆 NEFA 和肝脏甘油三酯浓度升高。电子蒸汽替代物恢复了脂质稳态，但没有改善葡萄糖耐量。因此，在小鼠模型中，怀孕期间低剂量电子烟替代品的毒性低于香烟烟雾。电子蒸汽替代物恢复了脂质稳态，但没有改善葡萄糖耐量。因此，在小鼠模型中，怀孕期间低剂量电子烟替代品的毒性低于香烟烟雾。电子蒸汽替代物恢复了脂质稳态，但没有改善葡萄糖耐量。因此，在小鼠模型中，怀孕期间低剂量电子烟替代品的毒性低于香烟烟雾。