Abstract In this study, new approaches are developed for measuring and understanding the reactivity of East African amplifier lakes and the societies that occupied their margins to African monsoon related hydrological changes. Drawing on seven newly discovered archaeological sites in the Lower Awash valley, corresponding to the northern Abhe Lake basin, we present the first Holocene human occupation sequence in the Ethiopian Afar. We reconstitute fluctuating Abhe Lake levels in association with human settlement strategies through correlation of new archaeological and geomorphological data and 37 new radiocarbon dates. The sites cluster into three periods of human occupation of the lake margins separated by intervals that lack archaeological data. These occupation phases span two major humid-arid transitions of the African Humid Period (AHP) (including the Younger Dryas (YD, ∼12.9–11.7 ka), 8.2 ka, and 4.2 ka arid events) during which Abhe Lake levels varied significantly, and the transition from Later Stone Age (LSA) hunter-gatherers to mixed herding-hunter-gatherer economies. Over a 9000 year period we observe continuity and ruptures in subsistence strategies and material culture techno-complexes and correlate these with sedimentary formation processes and changing paleo-shorelines. Our study reveals that flexible multiple resource economies were a human response to strongly fluctuating environments, even with the onset of herding and associated pottery traditions unique to the Abhe Lake basin, sometime between 4.8 and 3.3 ka cal. BP. Thorough evaluation of littoral morpho-sedimentary data, well-dated human settlements and associated economic strategies suggests that major cultural and socio-economic changes of populations inhabiting Abhe paleolakeshores were distinctive ecological responses to transformations in the local environment and to fluctuating lake levels.

中文翻译：

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人类在埃塞俄比亚阿法尔湖畔的 9000 年适应：非洲湿润时期阿比湖盆地的渔夫觅食者和第一批牧民

摘要 在这项研究中，开发了新的方法来测量和了解东非放大器湖泊和占据其边缘的社会对非洲季风相关水文变化的反应性。我们利用与阿比湖盆地北部相对应的下阿瓦什河谷的七个新发现的考古遗址，展示了埃塞俄比亚阿法尔的第一个全新世人类占领序列。我们通过将新的考古和地貌数据与 37 个新的放射性碳日期相关联，重建与人类住区战略相关的阿比湖水位。这些遗址聚集成三个人类占领湖泊边缘的时期，由缺乏考古数据的间隔隔开。这些占领阶段跨越了非洲湿润期 (AHP) 的两个主要湿润干旱过渡期（包括新仙女木（YD，∼12.9-11.7 ka）、8.2 ka 和 4.2 ka 干旱事件），在此期间，阿比湖的水位变化很大，以及从晚石器时代 (LSA) 狩猎采集者向混合放牧-狩猎-采集经济的转变。在 9000 年的时间里，我们观察到生存策略和物质文化技术复合体的连续性和破裂，并将这些与沉积形成过程和古海岸线变化相关联。我们的研究表明，灵活的多资源经济是人类对剧烈波动环境的一种反应，即使出现了阿比湖流域特有的放牧和相关陶器传统，有时在 4.8 到 3.3 卡之间。BP。