Kelulut honey (KH) is a natural product-derived food produced by stingless bees of Trigona or Meliponine species. Several studies have shown that the geographical origin of honey significantly affects its pharmacological properties. Thus, this study aims to characterise the pharmacological properties of KH harvested from different geographical locations. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant levels, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of pure KH harvested from three different locations (Sarawak, Pahang and Selangor) were compared. Among the samples, KH harvested from Selangor exhibited the highest TPC, antioxidant levels, and cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, followed by KH harvested from Sarawak and Pahang. The IC₅₀ of MCF-7 cells treated with KH harvested from Selangor was at least 2-fold lower than the IC₅₀ of MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that KH is more cytotoxic to oestrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (MCF-7) compared to triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. Two non-cytotoxic concentrations (1% and 0.5%; v/v) were selected for the anti-inflammatory assay using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. KH harvested from Selangor and Pahang (at a concentration of 1%; v/v) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells compared to control cells. These findings provide evidence that the geographical origin of KH may indeed influence its pharmacological properties. Our data suggest that KH harvested from Selangor has a better quality compared to KH harvested from Pahang and Sarawak based on its high TPC, antioxidant levels and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, it exhibits in vitro anticancer potential in breast cancer cell lines.

Kelulut蜂蜜（KH）是由Trigona或Meliponine物种的无刺蜜蜂生产的天然产品。多项研究表明，蜂蜜的地理来源显着影响其药理特性。因此，本研究旨在表征从不同地理位置收获的KH的药理特性。比较了从三个不同地点（沙捞越，彭亨和雪兰莪）收获的纯KH的总酚含量（TPC），抗氧化剂水平，细胞毒性和抗炎活性。在样品中，从雪兰莪收获的KH表现出最高的TPC，抗氧化剂水平和对MDA-MB-231和MCF-7细胞的细胞毒活性，其次是从砂拉越和彭亨收获的KH。IC ₅₀从雪兰莪收获的KH处理的MCF-7细胞的数量至少比IC ₅₀低2倍MDA-MB-231细胞的研究表明，与三阴性（MDA-MB-231）乳腺癌细胞相比，KH对雌激素受体（ER）和孕激素受体（PR）阳性（MCF-7）更具细胞毒性。使用脂多糖（LPS）诱导的RAW 264.7细胞，选择了两种非细胞毒性浓度（1％和0.5％； v / v）进行抗炎测定。与对照细胞相比，从雪兰莪和彭亨州收获的KH（浓度为1％； v / v）显着抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞中一氧化氮（NO）的产生。这些发现提供了证据，证明KH的地理起源确实可能影响其药理特性。我们的数据表明，基于雪兰莪州的KH具有较高的TPC，抗氧化剂水平和抗炎活性，因此与从彭亨州和砂拉越州收获的KH相比，质量更好。此外，乳腺癌细胞系的体外抗癌潜力。