Efficient cross-presentation is pivotal for vaccination against cancer and infection by intracellular virus and bacteria. Recently, various types of nanoparticle vaccines have been developed and investigated for efficiently and specifically improving cross-presentation and CD8⁺ T cell priming. In this review, we will summarize the known intracellular pathways involved in cross-presentation, and focus on several nanoparticle strategies that have been reported for enhancing cross-presentation, including designing multifunctional nano-vaccines for increasing endosomal escape, designing nano-vaccines that can target lymph nodes to improve antigen uptake by lymph node resident CD8α⁺ dendritic cells, and co-delivering immune modulators for upregulating cross-presentation related intracellular components. We will also briefly discuss the future prospects of cross-presentation based nano-vaccine strategy for curing diseases.

有效的交叉展示对于预防癌症以及细胞内病毒和细菌感染的疫苗至关重要。近来，已经开发和研究了各种类型的纳米颗粒疫苗，以有效且特异性地改善交叉呈递和CD8 ⁺ T细胞引发。在这篇综述中，我们将总结涉及交叉呈递的已知细胞内途径，并重点研究已报道的增强交叉呈递的几种纳米颗粒策略，包括设计用于增加内体逃逸的多功能纳米疫苗，设计可靶向淋巴结以提高淋巴结驻留CD8α ^+的抗原摄取树突状细胞和共同递送免疫调节剂以上调交叉展示相关的细胞内组分。我们还将简要讨论基于交叉展示的纳米疫苗治疗疾病的未来前景。