This study presents electrical measurements (both conductivity during the pulses and impedance spectroscopy before and after) performed in liver tissue of mice during electroporation with classical electrochemotherapy conditions (8 pulses of 100 µs duration). A four-needle electrode arrangement inserted in the tissue was used for the measurements. The undesirable effects of the four-electrode geometry, notably concerning its sensitivity, were quantified and discussed showing how the electrode geometry chosen for the measurements can impact the results. Numerical modelling was applied to the information collected during the pulse, and to the impedance spectra acquired before and after the pulses sequence. Our results show that the numerical results were not consistent, suggesting that other collateral phenomena not considered in the model are at work during electroporation in vivo. We show how the modification in the volume of the intra and extra cellular media, likely caused by the vascular lock effect, could at least partially explain the recorded impedance evolution. In the present study we demonstrate the significant impact that physiological effects have on impedance changes following electroporation at the tissue scale and the potential need of introducing them into the numerical models. The code for the numerical model is publicly available at https://gitlab.inria.fr/poignard/4-electrode-system.

这项研究提出了在电穿孔过程中使用经典的电化学疗法条件（8个脉冲，持续时间为100 µs）在小鼠肝组织中进行的电学测量（脉冲期间的电导率和之前和之后的阻抗谱）。使用插入组织中的四针电极装置进行测量。量化和讨论了四电极几何形状的不良影响，特别是关于其灵敏度的影响，显示了为测量选择的电极几何形状如何影响结果。将数值建模应用于脉冲期间收集的信息，以及脉冲序列之前和之后获取的阻抗谱。我们的结果表明，数值结果不一致，提示模型中未考虑的其他附带现象在体内电穿孔过程中起作用。我们展示了可能由血管锁定效应引起的细胞内和细胞外介质体积的改变，至少可以部分解释记录的阻抗演变。在本研究中，我们证明了生理效应对组织规模电穿孔后阻抗变化的重大影响，以及将其引入数值模型的潜在需求。数值模型的代码可从https://gitlab.inria.fr/poignard/4-electrode-system上公开获得。至少可以部分解释记录的阻抗演变。在本研究中，我们证明了生理效应对组织规模电穿孔后的阻抗变化具有重大影响，以及将其引入数值模型的潜在需求。数值模型的代码可从https://gitlab.inria.fr/poignard/4-electrode-system上公开获得。至少可以部分解释记录的阻抗演变。在本研究中，我们证明了生理效应对组织规模电穿孔后的阻抗变化具有重大影响，以及将其引入数值模型的潜在需求。数值模型的代码可从https://gitlab.inria.fr/poignard/4-electrode-system上公开获得。