Disturbed advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-oxidative stress axis is strongly linked to vascular complications observed in diabetes and other metabolic conditions. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) is a medicinal plant used as an ingredient in foods and beverages and displays a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including anti-diabetic effects. However, no study has assessed its anti-glycative potential. The aim of this study is to determine the phenolic compounds associated with the anti-glycation and antioxidant potential of sage methanol extract (SME). SME shows similar effects to aminoguanidine on fluorescent AGEs inhibition. It protects albumin damage from glycation (52.9 vs. 50.3%, respectively) by preventing the loss of protein thiol groups (50.0 vs. 44.3%, respectively) and by reducing protein carbonyl accumulation (67.4 vs. 70.5%, respectively). Moreover, linear regression and multivariate analysis support the efficient contribution of SME antioxidant capacity, as judged by DPPH, TBARS and iron chelating tests, in AGEs suppression. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed the presence of verbascoside as a novel phenolic constituent identified in sage leaves and suggests that the protective activity is mostly assigned to the presence of rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, rutin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Likewise, the screening of SME phenolic content supports the contribution of various antioxidant substances to the observed effects. Therefore, a polyphenol enriched sage extract was able to inhibit the formation of AGEs and protein glycation. Our data unveils the promising properties of sage and its bioactive principles in the management of AGEs-mediated vascular complications observed in diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

中文翻译：

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鼠尾草酚类成分的组合抗氧化剂和抗糖化成分对蛋白质糖化的抑制作用 (Salvia officinalis L.)

受干扰的晚期糖基化终产物 (AGEs)-氧化应激轴与在糖尿病和其他代谢疾病中观察到的血管并发症密切相关。Salvia officinalis L.（鼠尾草）是一种用作食品和饮料成分的药用植物，具有广泛的生物和药理活性，包括抗糖尿病作用。然而，没有研究评估其抗糖化潜力。本研究的目的是确定与鼠尾草甲醇提取物 (SME) 的抗糖化和抗氧化潜力相关的酚类化合物。SME 在荧光 AGEs 抑制方面显示出与氨基胍相似的效果。它通过防止蛋白质硫醇基团的丢失（分别为 50.0 和 44.3%）和减少蛋白质羰基积累（67. 4 与 70.5%，分别）。此外，线性回归和多变量分析支持通过 DPPH、TBARS 和铁螯合试验判断 SME 抗氧化能力在 AGEs 抑制中的有效贡献。此外，HPLC 分析揭示了毛蕊花苷作为一种在鼠尾草叶中鉴定的新型酚类成分的存在，并表明保护活性主要归因于迷迭香酸、白藜芦醇、槲皮素、芦丁和木犀草素-7-O-葡萄糖苷的存在。同样，SME 酚类含量的筛选支持各种抗氧化物质对观察到的效果的贡献。因此，富含多酚的鼠尾草提取物能够抑制 AGE 的形成和蛋白质糖化。