Silica sol-gel matrices and its organically modified analogues that contain aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquids, or other ionic conductors constitute stand-alone solid-state electrochemical cells when hosting electrodes or serve as modifying films on working electrodes in conventional cells. These materials facilitate a wide variety of analytical applications and are employed in various designs of power sources. In this review, analytical applications are the focus. Solid-state cells that serve as gas sensors, including in chromatographic detectors of gas-phase analytes, are described. Sol-gel films that modify working electrodes to perform functions such as hosting electrochemical catalysts and acting as size-exclusion moieties that protect the electrode from passivation by adsorption of macromolecules are discussed with emphasis on pore size, structure, and orientation. Silica sol-gel chemistry has been studied extensively; thus, factors that control its general properties as frameworks for solid-state cells and for thin films on the working electrode are well characterized. Here, recent advances such as the use of dendrimers and of nanoscale beads in conjunction with electrochemically assisted deposition of silica to template pore size and distribution are emphasized. Related topics include replacing aqueous solutions as the internal electrolyte with room-temperature ionic liquids, using the sol-gel as an anchor for functional groups and modifying electrodes with silica-based composites.

包含水电解质，离子液体或其他离子导体的二氧化硅溶胶-凝胶基质及其有机改性的类似物在容纳电极时用作独立的固态电化学电池，或在常规电池中用作工作电极上的改性膜。这些材料有助于广泛的分析应用，并用于各种电源设计中。在本文中，分析应用是重点。描述了用作气体传感器的固态电池，包括在气相分析物的色谱检测器中。讨论了修饰工作电极以执行功能的溶胶-凝胶膜，例如承载电化学催化剂并充当尺寸排阻部分，该结构通过保护大分子的吸附来保护电极免受钝化作用，结构和方向。二氧化硅溶胶-凝胶化学已被广泛研究。因此，很好地表征了控制其作为固态电池和工作电极上的薄膜框架的一般特性的因素。在此，强调了诸如使用树枝状聚合物和纳米级微珠以及电化学辅助沉积二氧化硅以达到模板孔径和分布的最新进展。相关主题包括：用室温离子液体代替水溶液作为内部电解质；使用溶胶-凝胶作为官能团的锚点；以及用二氧化硅基复合材料修饰电极。作为固态电池的框架和工作电极上的薄膜，控制其一般特性的因素已得到很好的表征。在此，强调了诸如使用树枝状聚合物和纳米级微珠以及电化学辅助沉积二氧化硅以达到模板孔径和分布的最新进展。相关主题包括：用室温离子液体代替水溶液作为内部电解质；使用溶胶-凝胶作为官能团的锚点；以及用二氧化硅基复合材料修饰电极。作为固态电池的框架和工作电极上的薄膜，控制其一般特性的因素已得到很好的表征。在此，强调了诸如树状聚合物和纳米级微珠结合电化学辅助沉积二氧化硅以达到模板孔径和分布等方面的最新进展。相关主题包括：用室温离子液体代替水溶液作为内部电解质；使用溶胶-凝胶作为官能团的锚点；以及用二氧化硅基复合材料修饰电极。