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Microclimate and pasture area preferences by dairy cows under high biodiversity silvopastoral system in Southern Brazil
International Journal of Biometeorology ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 , DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01975-0
Matheus Deniz 1, 2 , Abdon L Schmitt Filho 1, 2, 3 , Maria J Hötzel 1, 4 , Karolini T de Sousa 1, 4 , Luiz C Pinheiro Machado Filho 1, 4 , Paulo A Sinisgalli 2, 5
Affiliation  

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimate on dairy cows’ behaviors and their preferences for different pasture areas under high biodiversity silvopastoral system (SPSnuclei) in a subtropical climate. We surveyed three different pasture areas under SPSnuclei: shaded area around the nuclei (SAN), unshaded area around the nuclei (UAN), and all-day sunny area distant from the nuclei (SDN). In each area, the microclimatic variables were measured—air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), illuminance (lux), wind speed (m/s), and soil surface temperature (°C). In addition, the diurnal behaviors of 39 Jersey dairy cows were evaluated. Grazing, standing rest, lying rest, standing rumination, and lying rumination were registered by scans every 10 min; drinking water was observed continuously. Microclimate differed (p < 0.05) among the SPSnuclei areas. Areas around the nuclei provided better conditions of air temperature (SAN, 31.05 °C; UAN, 31.92 °C; SDN, 33.39 °C), illuminance (SAN, 5665 lx; UAN, 61,065 lx; SDN, 75,380 lx), and soil surface temperature (SAN, 27.35 °C; UAN, 32.38 °C; SDN, 35.87 °C). The frequency of use of each SPSnuclei area by dairy cows was different (p < 0.01); the highest frequencies of the grazing (SAN, 12.6%; UAN, 4.8%; SDN, 11.1%), rumination (SAN, 21.7%; UAN, 3.1%; SDN, 1.9%), and rest (SAN, 35.6%; UAN, 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) were registered in the areas around the nuclei. The microclimate of the high biodiversity silvopastoral system leads the animals to perform grazing, ruminating, and resting preferentially on the areas around the nuclei even with no shade.

中文翻译:

巴西南部高生物多样性林牧系统下奶牛对小气候和牧场的偏好

本研究的目的是评估小气候对亚热带气候下高生物多样性林牧系统(SPSnuclei)下不同牧区的奶牛行为及其偏好的影响。我们在 SPSnuclei 下调查了三个不同的牧场区域:细胞核周围的阴影区域 (SAN)、细胞核周围的无阴影区域 (UAN) 和远离细胞核的全天晴天区域 (SDN)。在每个区域,测量了小气候变量——气温 (°C)、相对湿度 (%)、照度 (lux)、风速 (m/s) 和土壤表面温度 (°C)。此外,还评估了 39 头泽西奶牛的昼夜行为。每10分钟扫描一次放牧、站立休息、躺卧休息、站立反刍和躺卧反刍;连续观察饮用水。小气候不同(p < 0。05) 在 SPSnuclei 区域中。原子核周围的区域提供了更好的气温条件(SAN,31.05 °C;UAN,31.92 °C;SDN,33.39 °C)、照度(SAN,5665 lx;UAN,61,065 lx;SDN,75,380 lx)和土壤表面温度(SAN,27.35 °C;UAN,32.38 °C;SDN,35.87 °C)。奶牛使用每个SPSnuclei区域的频率不同(p < 0.01);放牧频率最高(SAN,12.6%;UAN,4.8%;SDN,11.1%),反刍(SAN,21.7%;UAN,3.1%;SDN,1.9%)和休息(SAN,35.6%;UAN) , 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) 在核周围区域注册。高生物多样性林牧系统的小气候导致动物即使没有树荫也优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息。原子核周围的区域提供了更好的气温条件(SAN,31.05 °C;UAN,31.92 °C;SDN,33.39 °C)、照度(SAN,5665 lx;UAN,61,065 lx;SDN,75,380 lx)和土壤表面温度(SAN,27.35 °C;UAN,32.38 °C;SDN,35.87 °C)。奶牛使用每个SPSnuclei区域的频率不同(p < 0.01);放牧频率最高(SAN,12.6%;UAN,4.8%;SDN,11.1%),反刍(SAN,21.7%;UAN,3.1%;SDN,1.9%)和休息(SAN,35.6%;UAN) , 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) 在核周围区域注册。高生物多样性林牧系统的小气候导致动物即使没有树荫也优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息。原子核周围的区域提供了更好的气温条件(SAN,31.05 °C;UAN,31.92 °C;SDN,33.39 °C)、照度(SAN,5665 lx;UAN,61,065 lx;SDN,75,380 lx)和土壤表面温度(SAN,27.35 °C;UAN,32.38 °C;SDN,35.87 °C)。奶牛使用每个SPSnuclei区域的频率不同(p < 0.01);放牧频率最高(SAN,12.6%;UAN,4.8%;SDN,11.1%),反刍(SAN,21.7%;UAN,3.1%;SDN,1.9%)和休息(SAN,35.6%;UAN) , 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) 在核周围区域注册。高生物多样性林牧系统的小气候导致动物即使没有树荫也优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息。380 lx)和土壤表面温度(SAN,27.35 °C;UAN,32.38 °C;SDN,35.87 °C)。奶牛使用每个SPSnuclei区域的频率不同(p < 0.01);放牧频率最高(SAN,12.6%;UAN,4.8%;SDN,11.1%),反刍(SAN,21.7%;UAN,3.1%;SDN,1.9%)和休息(SAN,35.6%;UAN) , 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) 在核周围区域注册。高生物多样性林牧系统的小气候导致动物即使没有树荫也优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息。380 lx)和土壤表面温度(SAN,27.35 °C;UAN,32.38 °C;SDN,35.87 °C)。奶牛使用每个SPSnuclei区域的频率不同(p < 0.01);放牧频率最高(SAN,12.6%;UAN,4.8%;SDN,11.1%),反刍(SAN,21.7%;UAN,3.1%;SDN,1.9%)和休息(SAN,35.6%;UAN) , 5.4%; SDN, 3.7%) 在核周围区域注册。高生物多样性林牧系统的小气候导致动物即使没有树荫也优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息。1.9%)和其余(SAN,35.6%;UAN,5.4%;SDN,3.7%)在核周围区域注册。高生物多样性林牧系统的小气候导致动物即使没有树荫也优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息。1.9%)和其余(SAN,35.6%;UAN,5.4%;SDN,3.7%)在核周围区域注册。高生物多样性林牧系统的小气候导致动物即使没有树荫也优先在核周围区域进行放牧、反刍和休息。
更新日期:2020-07-31
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