In spite of the worldwide recognition of the importance of testing blast effects on dummy humans, there is a lack of blast simulators that are capable of generating realistic blast conditions in the laboratory. The objective of the present study was to design, construct and test a blast tube that is able to accurately reproduce loading histories of actual explosions in the laboratory. The design combines some advantages of existing blast-wave generating facilities. Using numerical simulations, a 5-m long blast tube was designed. The blast tube is large enough to enclose dummies including torso and head, wearing vests and/or helmets. The system generated blast waves equivalent to those of a spherical explosion of about 3.5 kg TNT with an over pressure of 0.64 bar and a positive phase of 4 ms. The repeatability of the experiments was very good. The blast tube’s open end is square of 1.57 m × 1.57 m and although designed for experiments on human dummies, it could be used for testing even full-scale structural components. High quality high-speed photography was demonstrated through the designed windows. Our preliminary study on the effect of a helmet on a dummy’s head revealed that the tested helmet amplified by a factor of 2 and more the peak pressure in the back side of the head. The newly designed blast tube is capable of simulating close range blast waves, manifested with short positive durations. Experiments with and without helmets revealed the importance of blast testing for improving helmet design.

中文翻译：

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实验室新型冲击波模拟器的设计与构建

尽管全世界都认识到测试对假人的爆炸影响的重要性，但仍然缺乏能够在实验室中生成真实爆炸条件的爆炸模拟器。本研究的目的是设计、建造和测试能够在实验室中准确再现实际爆炸载荷历史的爆炸管。该设计结合了现有冲击波发电设施的一些优点。使用数值模拟，设计了一个 5 米长的爆炸管。爆炸管足够大，可以容纳包括躯干和头部、穿着背心和/或头盔在内的假人。该系统产生的冲击波相当于约 3.5 公斤 TNT 球形爆炸的冲击波，超压为 0.64 巴，正相位为 4 毫秒。实验的重复性非常好。爆炸管的开口端为 1.57 m × 1.57 m 的正方形，虽然设计用于人体假人的实验，但它甚至可以用于测试全尺寸的结构部件。通过设计的窗户展示了高质量的高速摄影。我们对头盔对假人头部影响的初步研究表明，测试头盔将头部后侧的峰值压力放大了 2 倍甚至更多。新设计的爆炸管能够模拟近距离爆炸波，表现为持续时间短。带头盔和不带头盔的实验揭示了爆炸测试对于改进头盔设计的重要性。通过设计的窗户展示了高质量的高速摄影。我们对头盔对假人头部影响的初步研究表明，测试头盔将头部后侧的峰值压力放大了 2 倍甚至更多。新设计的爆炸管能够模拟近距离爆炸波，表现为持续时间短。带头盔和不带头盔的实验揭示了爆炸测试对于改进头盔设计的重要性。通过设计的窗户展示了高质量的高速摄影。我们对头盔对假人头部影响的初步研究表明，测试头盔将头部后侧的峰值压力放大了 2 倍甚至更多。新设计的爆炸管能够模拟近距离爆炸波，表现为持续时间短。带头盔和不带头盔的实验揭示了爆炸测试对于改进头盔设计的重要性。表现为阳性持续时间短。带头盔和不带头盔的实验揭示了爆炸测试对于改进头盔设计的重要性。表现为阳性持续时间短。带头盔和不带头盔的实验揭示了爆炸测试对于改进头盔设计的重要性。