Obesity is the main cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective treatment for this obesity-related health problem. However, the adverse effects of T2DM on bone tissue persist or even aggravate after this surgical procedure. As studies on the mandibular condyle bone are scarce, the aim of the present study was to assess its compositional characteristics in T2DM and RYGB conditions. Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age were randomly assigned to receive either a high-fat or low-fat diet. After 14 weeks of high-fat diet intake, seven obese mice were subjected to RYGB surgery. All animals were euthanized at the age of 30 weeks. Mandibular bones were removed and the trabecular condyle region was assessed using Raman spectroscopy. A decreased mineralization was observed for both T2DM and RYGB condyle bones when compared to controls, with elevated carbonate substitutions for the RYGB group. No compositional differences in crystallinity and presence of advanced glycation end products were found between the groups, with the exception of an increased presence of N-carboxymethyl-lysine in RYGB bone compared to their T2DM counterpart. Site-specific measurements revealed a non-uniform bone composition, with increasing mineralization and carbonate substitutions towards the centre of the mandibular condyle. T2DM and RYGB surgery affect the mandibular condyle bone quality, as investigated at compositional level. Assessment of bone structural properties and remodelling should be carried out to further explore the effects of T2DM and RYGB surgery on this skeleton area.

肥胖是2型糖尿病（T2DM）的主要原因。 Roux-en-Y 胃绕道手术 (RYGB) 手术是治疗这种与肥胖相关的健康问题的有效方法。然而，T2DM对骨组织的不良影响在该手术后持续存在甚至加剧。由于对下颌骨髁骨的研究很少，本研究的目的是评估其在 T2DM 和 RYGB 条件下的成分特征。 32 只 8 周龄的雄性 C57BL/6 小鼠被随机分配接受高脂肪或低脂肪饮食。在摄入高脂肪饮食 14 周后，七只肥胖小鼠接受了 RYGB 手术。所有动物在30周龄时被安乐死。去除下颌骨并使用拉曼光谱评估小梁髁区域。与对照组相比，T2DM 和 RYGB 髁骨的矿化减少，而 RYGB 组的碳酸盐替代增加。除了与 T2DM 骨相比，RYGB 骨中 N-羧甲基赖氨酸的存在增加之外，各组之间在结晶度和晚期糖基化终产物的存在方面没有发现成分差异。特定部位的测量显示骨成分不均匀，下颌骨髁中心的矿化和碳酸盐替代不断增加。 T2DM 和 RYGB 手术影响下颌骨髁骨质量，在成分水平上进行了研究。应进行骨结构特性和重塑评估，以进一步探讨 T2DM 和 RYGB 手术对该骨骼区域的影响。