A setup with three equally spaced transmission gratings can be described as a moire deflectometer in the classical regime and as a Talbot–Lau interferometer in the quantum regime. We successfully operate such a three-grating device with a de Broglie wavelength span of more than two orders of magnitude (20 fm to 2.2 pm), employing different particles such as xenon, krypton, argon, helium, and hydrogen. With that we directly observe the transition from the classical description with fast xenon atoms, to the characteristic quantum behaviour of the Talbot–Lau interferometer using hydrogen atoms with correspondingly long de Broglie wavelength. The systematic study of the interference pattern gives important insights in the feasibility of a proton or antiproton interferometer with this setup.

中文翻译：

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从经典氙气条纹到氢干涉测量法

具有三个等距透射光栅的装置可以被描述为经典领域的莫尔偏转仪和量子领域的 Talbot-Lau 干涉仪。我们成功地操作了这样一个三光栅装置，其德布罗意波长跨度超过两个数量级（20 fm 到 2.2 pm），采用不同的粒子，如氙、氪、氩、氦和氢。有了这个，我们直接观察了从快速氙原子的经典描述到使用具有相应长德布罗意波长的氢原子的 Talbot-Lau 干涉仪的特征量子行为的转变。对干涉图的系统研究为质子或反质子干涉仪在这种设置下的可行性提供了重要的见解。