The cognitive radio (CR) technique has revealed a novel way of utilizing the precious radio spectrum via allowing unlicensed users to opportunistically access unutilized licensed bands. Using such a technique enables agile and flexible access to the radio spectrum and can resolve the spectrum-scarcity problem and maximize spectrum efficiency. However, two major impediments have been limiting the widespread adoption of cognitive radio technology. The software-defined radio technology, which is the enabling technology for the CR technique, is power-hungry and this raises a major concern for battery-constrained devices such as smart phones and laptops. Secondly, the opportunistic and open nature of the CR can lead to major security concerns about the data being sent and how safe it is. In this paper, we introduce an energy-and-security-aware CR-based communication approach that alleviates the power consumption of the CR technique and enhances its security measures according to the confidentiality level of the data being sent. Furthermore, the proposed approach takes into account user-related factors, such as the user's battery level and user's data type, and network-related factors, such as the number of unutilized bands and vulnerability level and then models the research question as a constrained optimization problem. Considering the time complexity of the optimum solution, we also propose a heuristic solution. We examine the proposed solution against existing solutions, and our obtained results show that the proposed approach can save energy consumption up to 18%, increase user throughput up to 20%, and achieve better spectrum utilization, up to 98%. Our proposed admission approach has the potential to open a new research direction towards safer and greener cognitive radio techniques.

中文翻译：

---

用于认知无线电通信的安全且节能的方法


认知无线电（CR）技术揭示了一种利用宝贵无线电频谱的新方法，允许未经许可的用户机会性地访问未使用的许可频段。使用这种技术可以灵活灵活地获取无线电频谱，并可以解决频谱稀缺问题并最大限度地提高频谱效率。然而，两大障碍限制了认知无线电技术的广泛采用。软件定义无线电技术是 CR 技术的支持技术，它非常耗电，这引起了智能手机和笔记本电脑等电池受限设备的主要担忧。其次，CR 的机会主义和开放性可能会导致对所发送数据及其安全性的重大安全担忧。在本文中，我们介绍了一种基于 CR 的节能和安全感知通信方法，该方法减轻了 CR 技术的功耗，并根据发送数据的机密级别增强了其安全措施。此外，所提出的方法考虑了与用户相关的因素，例如用户的电池电量和用户的数据类型，以及与网络相关的因素，例如未使用的频段数量和漏洞级别，然后将研究问题建模为约束优化问题。考虑到最优解的时间复杂度，我们还提出了启发式解决方案。我们将所提出的解决方案与现有解决方案进行比较，结果表明所提出的方法可以节省高达 18% 的能耗，将用户吞吐量提高高达 20%，并实现更好的频谱利用率，高达 98%。 我们提出的接纳方法有可能为更安全、更环保的认知无线电技术开辟一个新的研究方向。