Children's poor sleep is a risk factor for lower cognitive functioning and internalizing and externalizing problems. It is unclear whether genetic and environmental influences vary based on sleep assessment and no studies to date have examined genetic and environmental contributions to links between multiple objective and subjective sleep indicators. Further, nearly all heritability studies rely on subjective parent- or self-report measures of sleep duration and problems. Given these gaps in the literature, we 1) modeled genetic and environmental influences on multiple objective and subjective sleep indicators, and 2) estimated genetic and environmental covariances between objective and subjective sleep indicators in middle childhood. Participants were 608 twin children (MZ = 178, same-sex DZ = 234, opposite-sex DZ = 190) assessed at eight years of age (SD = .63 years). Objective nighttime sleep duration, efficiency, onset latency (SOL), midpoint time, and midpoint variability were collected from actigraph watches worn for 7 nights (Mnights = 6.83, SD = .62). Children's nighttime sleep duration and daytime sleepiness were assessed via parent report. Findings suggested high additive genetic influence on objective sleep quantity and quality, whereas objective SOL, sleep midpoint time, midpoint variability, parent-reported sleep duration and daytime sleepiness were largely influenced by the shared environment. Common genetic factors explained associations between objective sleep quantity and quality, but genetics did not account for links with parent-reported sleep duration, midpoint time, or midpoint variability. Thus, objective and parent-reported assessments of children's sleep have unique genetic etiologies and should not be used interchangeably in the sleep literature.

中文翻译：

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使用基于手腕的加速度计评估儿童的客观睡眠：父母报告的睡眠独特的客观数量和质量的强遗传力

儿童睡眠不足是认知功能下降以及内化和外化问题的危险因素。目前尚不清楚遗传和环境影响是否因睡眠评估而异，迄今为止还没有研究检查遗传和环境对多个客观和主观睡眠指标之间联系的影响。此外，几乎所有的遗传性研究都依赖于对睡眠持续时间和问题的主观父母或自我报告测量。鉴于文献中的这些空白，我们 1) 模拟了遗传和环境对多个客观和主观睡眠指标的影响，以及 2) 估计了童年中期客观和主观睡眠指标之间的遗传和环境协方差。参与者是 608 名双胞胎（MZ = 178，同性 DZ = 234，异性 DZ = 190）在 8 岁时评估（SD = .63 岁）。客观的夜间睡眠持续时间、效率、开始潜伏期 (SOL)、中点时间和中点变异性是从佩戴 7 晚（Mnights = 6.83，SD = .62）的活动记录表中收集的。通过家长报告评估儿童的夜间睡眠持续时间和白天嗜睡。研究结果表明，对客观睡眠数量和质量的高附加遗传影响，而客观 SOL、睡眠中点时间、中点变异性、父母报告的睡眠持续时间和白天嗜睡在很大程度上受共享环境的影响。常见的遗传因素解释了客观睡眠数量和质量之间的关联，但遗传学并未解释与父母报告的睡眠持续时间、中点时间或中点变异性之间的联系。因此，