Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious airborne viral pneumonia caused by a novel virus belonging to the family coronaviridae. On February 11, 2019, the Internal Committee on Taxonomy of Virus (ICTV) announced the name of the novel virus as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). One of the proteins present on its membrane i.e. the Spike protein is responsible for the attachment of the virus to the host. It spreads through the salivary droplets released when an infected person sneezes or coughs. The best way to slow down the disease is by protecting self by washing hands and using the disinfectant. Most of the infected people experience mild to moderate breathing issues. Serious illness might develop in people with underlying cardiovascular problems, diabetes and other immuno-compromised diseases. To date, there is no effective medicine available in the market which is effective in COVID-19. However, healthcare professionals are using ritonavir, flavipiravir, lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir. Along with the medicines, some countries are using convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells for treatment. Till date, it has claimed millions of death worldwide. In this detailed review, we have discussed the structure of SARS-CoV-2, essential proteins, its lifecycle, transmission, symptoms, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, treatment and epidemiology of the disease.

摘要

冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 是由一种属于冠状病毒科的新型病毒引起的传染性空气传播病毒性肺炎. 2019 年 2 月 11 日，病毒分类学内部委员会 (ICTV) 宣布将这种新型病毒命名为“严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”。存在于其膜上的一种蛋白质即刺突蛋白负责将病毒附着于宿主。它通过感染者打喷嚏或咳嗽时释放的唾液飞沫传播。减缓疾病的最好方法是通过洗手和使用消毒剂来保护自己。大多数感染者都会出现轻度至中度的呼吸问题。患有潜在心血管疾病、糖尿病和其他免疫功能低下疾病的人可能会患上严重疾病。迄今为止，市场上尚无对 COVID-19 有效的有效药物。然而，医疗保健专业人员正在使用利托那韦，黄匹拉韦、洛匹那韦、羟氯喹和瑞德西韦。除了药物，一些国家还使用恢复期血浆和间充质干细胞进行治疗。迄今为止，它已在全球范围内造成数百万人死亡。在这篇详细的综述中，我们讨论了 SARS-CoV-2 的结构、必需蛋白、其生命周期、传播、症状、病理学、临​​床特征、诊断、预防、治疗和疾病的流行病学。