Abstract The Pine Leaf tree is a high altitude plant that is mostly found in the Himalayan region. The pine leaf ash contains the hard compound of Si, Ca, K, Mg, and Fe which make it an alternative cost-effective reinforcement material for composites. In this paper, the surface composite of aluminum alloy reinforced with Pine Leaf Ash was developed by friction stir process (FSP) with varying tool feed rate using different profile pin tool at constant 1400 rpm. The effects of tool pin profile and feed rate on hardness and tribological properties of the fabricated surface composite were reported. It was found that composite fabricated at 56 mm/min feed rate with threaded taper pin tool exhibited highest hardness and lowest wear rate amongst all fabricated composites. The hardness and wear properties of composite fabricated with threaded pin tool improved 15.81 and 18.13%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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刀销齿形和进给速率对搅拌摩擦加工制备的松叶灰/铝复合材料磨损性能的影响

摘要 松叶树是一种高海拔植物，主要​​分布在喜马拉雅地区。松叶灰含有硅、钙、钾、镁和铁的硬质化合物，使其成为复合材料的替代性高性价比增强材料。在本文中，通过摩擦搅拌工艺 (FSP) 开发了松叶灰增强铝合金的表面复合材料，使用不同的刀具进给速率，在恒定 1400 rpm 下使用不同的轮廓销工具。报告了工具销轮廓和进给速率对制造的表面复合材料的硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明，在所有制造的复合材料中，使用螺纹锥销工具以 56 毫米/分钟的进给速率制造的复合材料表现出最高的硬度和最低的磨损率。