Abstract

The integration of anaerobic treatment technologies using the anammox process could be a sustainable wastewater treatment option for the removal of carbon and nitrogen. This review summarizes the possible limiting factors and the prospects of overcoming them for the successful application of anammox in the mainstream anaerobic treatment of municipal wastewater at low temperatures. Potential areas for mainstream application of anammox covered in this review include integrated nitrogen removal processes with anammox to deal with nitrate production, process engineering of operational parameters to address the effect of organic carbon, low temperature, and nitrite competition. In addition, this review also discusses the emerging issues of micro pollutant removal using the anammox process. The main conclusions of this review are (1) integration of anammox with other autotrophic denitrification processes can help to reduce effluent nitrate concentrations. (2) Access limitation of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) to dissolved oxygen (DO) in the form of step aeration can be possible approaches to win the competition over nitrite. (3) Demonstration of anammox treatment of municipal anaerobic effluents under real treatment conditions at low temperature and more understanding of complex interactions of anammox with anaerobic effluent should be addressed in the future.

摘要

使用厌氧氨氧化工艺整合厌氧处理技术可能是去除碳和氮的可持续废水处理选择。本综述总结了厌氧氨氧化在城市污水主流厌氧低温处理中的成功应用可能的限制因素和克服这些因素的前景。本综述涵盖的厌氧氨氧化主流应用的潜在领域包括采用厌氧氨氧化的综合脱氮工艺来处理硝酸盐生产，操作参数的工艺工程以解决有机碳、低温和亚硝酸盐竞争的影响。此外，本综述还讨论了使用厌氧氨氧化工艺去除微污染物的新问题。本综述的主要结论是 (1) 厌氧氨氧化与其他自养反硝化过程的整合有助于降低出水硝酸盐浓度。(2) 以分步曝气的形式限制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌 (NOB) 对溶解氧 (DO) 的访问可能是赢得亚硝酸盐竞争的可能方法。(3) 在低温、真实处理条件下对城市厌氧污水进行厌氧氨氧化处理的示范，以及对厌氧污水与厌氧出水复杂相互作用的更多理解。(2) 以分步曝气的形式限制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌 (NOB) 对溶解氧 (DO) 的访问可能是赢得亚硝酸盐竞争的可能方法。(3) 在低温、真实处理条件下对城市厌氧污水进行厌氧氨氧化处理的示范，以及对厌氧污水与厌氧出水复杂相互作用的更多理解。(2) 以分步曝气的形式限制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌 (NOB) 对溶解氧 (DO) 的访问可能是赢得亚硝酸盐竞争的可能方法。(3) 在低温、真实处理条件下对城市厌氧污水进行厌氧氨氧化处理的示范，以及对厌氧污水与厌氧出水复杂相互作用的更多理解。