Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were hydrothermally fabricated, using hydroalcoholic clove extract. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that Eugenol is the main bioactive compound of the prepared extract. Experiments were designed, based on the central composite design. The effects of different amounts of zinc nitrate (2–6 g) and clove extract (10–30 mL) were evaluated for antioxidant and bactericidal properties of the formed ZnO NPs using the response surface methodology. The attained results demonstrated that more desirable NPs with maximum antioxidant activity (85.23%) and bactericidal effect, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as manifested in the diameter of formed clear zones of 11.12 and 12.11 mm, respectively, were resulted using 3.98 g of the zinc salt and 20.30 mL of the clove extract. Furthermore, XRD and SEM analysis results revealed that the fabricated ZnO NPs had a hexagonal shape with a particle size of 50 nm and could degrade 70% of methylene blue during UV radiation.

中文翻译：

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制备光催化、抗菌和抗氧化氧化锌纳米颗粒的绿色方法——使用丁香水醇提取物进行水热合成和工艺优化

摘要 氧化锌纳米颗粒 (ZnO NPs) 是使用水醇丁香提取物水热制备的。GC-MS 分析表明丁香酚是所制备提取物的主要生物活性化合物。基于中心复合设计设计了实验。使用响应面方法评估了不同量的硝酸锌 (2-6 g) 和丁香提取物 (10-30 mL) 对形成的 ZnO NPs 的抗氧化和杀菌性能的影响。获得的结果表明，对于大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，具有最大抗氧化活性 (85.23%) 和杀菌作用的更理想的 NPs，如形成的透明区域的直径分别为 11.12 和 12.11 毫米，使用 3.98 克的锌盐和 20.30 毫升丁香提取物。此外，