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Effect of Mutations on mRNA and Globin Stability: The Cases of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart and Hb Southern Italy
Genes ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 , DOI: 10.3390/genes11080870
Giovanna Cardiero 1 , Gennaro Musollino 1 , Maria Grazia Friscia 2 , Rosario Testa 3 , Lucrezia Virruso 4 , Caterina Di Girgenti 4 , Mercedes Caldora 5 , Rosario Colella Bisogno 6 , Carlo Gaudiano 7 , Giuseppe Manco 8 , Giuseppina Lacerra 1
Affiliation  

We identified two unstable variants in the third exon of α-globin genes: Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart (HBA1:c.358C>T), and Hb Caserta (HBA2:c.79G>A) in cis to Hb Sun Prairie (HBA2:c.391G>C), also named Hb Southern Italy. These mutations occurred in the H helix of the α-globin that is involved in heme contacting, specific recognition of α-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP), and α1β1 interactions. The carriers showed α-thalassemia phenotype, but one also jaundice and cholelithiasis. Molecular identification of clusters of families in Southern Italy encouraged molecular characterization of mRNA, globin chain analyses, molecular modeling studies, and comparison with globin variants to understand the mechanisms causing the α-thalassemia phenotype. A normal amount of Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart mRNA were found, and molecular modeling highlighted additional H bonds with AHSP. For Hb Southern Italy, showing an unexpected α/β biosynthetic ratio typical of the β-thalassemia type, two different molecular mechanisms were shown: Reduction of the variant mRNA, likely due to the No-Go Decay for the presence of unused triplet ACG at cod 26, and protein instability due to the impairment of AHSP interaction. The UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A1) genotyping was conclusive in the case of jaundice and cholelithiasis. Multiple approaches are needed to properly identify the mechanisms leading to unstable variants and the effect of a mutation.

中文翻译:

突变对 mRNA 和球蛋白稳定性的影响:Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart 和意大利南部 Hb 的案例

我们在 α-珠蛋白基因的第三个外显子中鉴定了两个不稳定变体:Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart (HBA1:c.358C>T) 和 Hb Caserta (HBA2:c.79G>A) 顺式到 Hb Sun Prairie (HBA2 :c.391G>C),也被命名为意大利南部的 Hb。这些突变发生在参与血红素接触、α-血红蛋白稳定蛋白 (AHSP) 特异性识别和 α1β1 相互作用的 α-珠蛋白的 H 螺旋中。携带者表现出α-地贫表型​​,但也有黄疸和胆石症。意大利南部家族簇的分子鉴定促进了 mRNA 的分子表征、珠蛋白链分析、分子建模研究以及与珠蛋白变体的比较,以了解导致 α-地贫表型​​的机制。发现正常量的 Hb Bernalda/Groene Hart mRNA,和分子建模强调了与 AHSP 的额外 H 键。对于意大利南部的 Hb,显示出典型的 β-地中海贫血类型的意外 α/β 生物合成比,显示了两种不同的分子机制: 变体 mRNA 的减少,可能是由于未使用的三联体 ACG 在cod 26,以及由于 AHSP 相互作用受损导致的蛋白质不稳定性。在黄疸和胆石症的情况下,UDP 葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 1A (UGT1A1) 基因分型是决定性的。需要多种方法来正确识别导致不稳定变异的机制和突变的影响。可能是由于在 cod 26 处存在未使用的三重 ACG 导致的 No-Go Decay,以及由于 AHSP 相互作用受损导致的蛋白质不稳定性。在黄疸和胆石症的情况下,UDP 葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 1A (UGT1A1) 基因分型是决定性的。需要多种方法来正确识别导致不稳定变异的机制和突变的影响。可能是由于在 cod 26 处存在未使用的三重 ACG 导致的 No-Go Decay,以及由于 AHSP 相互作用受损导致的蛋白质不稳定性。在黄疸和胆石症的情况下,UDP 葡萄糖醛酸转移酶 1A (UGT1A1) 基因分型是决定性的。需要多种方法来正确识别导致不稳定变异的机制和突变的影响。
更新日期:2020-07-31
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