Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major health problem with significant limitations in functioning and well-being. The World Health Organization (WHO) evaluates MDD as one of the most disabling disorders in the world and with very high social cost. Great attention has been given to the study of the molecular mechanism underpinning MDD at the genetic, epigenetic and proteomic level. However, the importance of RNA modifications has attracted little attention until now in this field. RNA molecules are extensively and dynamically altered by a variety of mechanisms. Similar to “epigenomic” changes, which modify DNA structure or histones, RNA alterations are now termed “epitranscriptomic” changes and have been predicted to have profound consequences for gene expression and cellular functionality. Two of these modifications, adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing and m6A methylations, have fascinated researchers over the last years, showing a new level of complexity in gene expression. In this review, we will summary the studies that focus on the role of RNA editing and m6A methylation in MDD, trying to underline their potential breakthroughs and pitfalls.

中文翻译：

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情绪障碍中的 RNA 编辑和修饰

重度抑郁症 (MDD) 是一种严重的健康问题，其功能和幸福感受到严重限制。世界卫生组织 (WHO) 将 MDD 评估为世界上最致残的疾病之一，并且具有非常高的社会成本。在遗传、表观遗传和蛋白质组学水平上对支持 MDD 的分子机制的研究给予了极大的关注。然而，迄今为止，RNA 修饰的重要性在该领域很少受到关注。RNA 分子被各种机制广泛而动态地改变。与修改 DNA 结构或组蛋白的“表观基因组”变化类似，RNA 改变现在被称为“表观转录组学”变化，并已被预测对基因表达和细胞功能产生深远的影响。其中两个修改，腺苷到肌苷 (A-to-I) RNA 编辑和 m6A 甲基化，在过去几年中让研究人员着迷，显示出基因表达的新水平复杂性。在这篇综述中，我们将总结关注 RNA 编辑和 m6A 甲基化在 MDD 中的作用的研究，试图强调它们的潜在突破和陷阱。