The amygdala is one of the most discussed structures of the brain. Correlations between its level of activity, size, biochemical organization, and various pathologies are the subject of many studies, and can serve as a marker of existing or future disease. It is hypothesized that the amygdala is not just a structural unit, but includes many other regions in the brain. In this review, we present the updated neuroanatomical and physiological aspects of the amygdala, discussing its involvement in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. The amygdala plays an important role in the processing of input signals and behavioral synthesis. Lesions in the amygdala have been shown to cause neurological disfunction of ranging severity. Abnormality in the amygdala leads to conditions such as depression, anxiety, autism, and also promotes biochemical and physiological imbalance. The amygdala collects pathological proteins, and this fact can be considered to play a big role in the progression and diagnosis of many degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Lewy body diseases, and hippocampal sclerosis. The amygdala has shown to play a crucial role as a central communication system in the brain, therefore understanding its neuroanatomical and physiological features can open a channel for targeted therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

中文翻译：

---

杏仁核：就神经系统疾病和神经退行性疾病而言，其神经解剖学和形态生理学特征。

杏仁核是大脑中讨论最多的结构之一。其活性水平，大小，生化组织和各种病理之间的相关性是许多研究的主题，并且可以作为现有或未来疾病的标志。假设杏仁核不仅是一个结构单元，而且还包括大脑中的许多其他区域。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了杏仁核的更新的神经解剖学和生理学方面，讨论了其参与神经退行性疾病和神经系统疾病的过程。杏仁核在输入信号的处理和行为综合中起着重要作用。杏仁核中的病变已显示出引起严重程度的神经功能障碍。杏仁核异常导致诸如抑郁，焦虑，自闭症，并促进生化和生理失衡。杏仁核收集病理蛋白，这一事实可被认为在许多退化性疾病的进展和诊断中起着重要作用，例如阿尔茨海默氏病，慢性外伤性脑病，路易体病和海马硬化。杏仁核显示出在大脑中作为中央交流系统的关键作用，因此了解杏仁核的神经解剖学和生理学特征可以为神经退行性疾病的靶向治疗开辟渠道。