The Mexican turkey population is considered to be the descendant of the original domesticated wild turkey and it is distinct from hybrid strains obtained by the intense artificial selection activity that has occurred during the last 40 years. In this study 30 Mexican turkeys were genomically compared to 38 commercial hybrids using 327,342 SNP markers in order to elucidate the differences in genome variability resulting from different types of selection, i.e., only adaptive for Mexican turkey, and strongly directional for hybrids. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) were detected and the two inbreeding coefficients (F and F_ROH) based on genomic information were calculated. Principal component and admixture analyses revealed two different clusters for Mexican turkeys (MEX_cl_1 and MEX_cl_2) showing genetic differentiation from hybrids (HYB) (F_ST equal 0.168 and 0.167, respectively). A total of 3602 ROH were found in the genome of the all turkeys populations. ROH resulted mainly short in length and the ROH_island identified in HYB (n = 9), MEX_cl_1 (n = 1), and MEX_cl_2 (n = 2) include annotated genes related to production traits: abdominal fat (percentage and weight) and egg characteristics (egg shell color and yolk weight). F and F_ROH resulted correlated to each other only for Mexican populations. Mexican turkey genomic variability allows us to separate the birds into two subgroups according to the geographical origin of samples, while the genomic homogeneity of hybrid birds reflected the strong directional selection occurring in this population.

中文翻译：

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杂种与土生土长的土耳其种群：由于人工和自然选择而出现纯合基因组区域。

墨西哥火鸡种群被认为是原始驯化的野生火鸡的后代，它不同于过去40年间通过强烈的人工选择活动获得的杂交品系。在这项研究中，使用327,342个SNP标记对30只墨西哥火鸡进行了基因组比较，以比较38种商业杂交鸡，以阐明由于不同选择类型而导致的基因组变异性差异，即仅适应墨西哥火鸡，并对杂交种具有强方向性。检测纯合度（ROH）并检测两个近交系数（F和F _ROH）根据基因组信息进行计算。主成分和掺混物分析揭示了墨西哥火鸡的两个不同簇（MEX_cl_1和MEX_cl_2），显示了来自杂种（HYB）的遗传分化（F _ST分别等于0.168和0.167）。在所有火鸡种群的基因组中共发现3602 ROH。ROH导致长度较短，并且在HYB（n = 9），MEX_cl_1（n = 1）和MEX_cl_2（n = 2）中鉴定的ROH_island包括与生产性状相关的注释基因：腹部脂肪（百分比和重量）和蛋的特征（蛋壳颜色和蛋黄重量）。F和F _ROH结果仅针对墨西哥人群彼此相关。墨西哥火鸡的基因组变异性使我们能够根据样本的地理起源将鸟类分为两个亚组，而杂交鸟类的基因组同质性则反映了该种群中强烈的方向选择。