The determination of view factors (VF) is a central component of the heat transfer model in comprehensive electric arc furnace process models. Due to the complex nature of the process, simplifying assumptions are necessary to allow the efficient estimation of VF. These simplifications mainly deal with the geometrical representation of the furnace and the methods to calculate the resulting VF. Such assumptions have been applied in several studies; however, while the results of the complete process models have been validated extensively, the calculated VF have not been examined in detail. Herein, two methods of calculating VF based on a geometry similar to that used in the process models proposed by MacRosty et al., Logar et al., and Meier et al. are presented and validated by comparing the results obtained using a commercial computational fluid dynamics software. The number of assumptions and simplifications is reduced when compared with previously published results and both methods are proven to be accurate while remaining computationally efficient enough for the application in process models for online applications and process optimization, where fast execution is necessary.

中文翻译：

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电弧炉工艺建模中视图因素的计算

在综合电弧炉工艺模型中，视图因子（VF）的确定是传热模型的重要组成部分。由于过程的复杂性，必须进行简化的假设才能有效估计VF。这些简化主要涉及熔炉的几何表示以及计算所得VF的方法。这样的假设已经在几项研究中得到应用。然而，尽管完整过程模型的结果已得到广泛验证，但尚未对计算出的VF进行详细检查。这里，有两种基于类似于MacRosty等人，Logar等人和Meier等人所提出的过程模型中使用的几何形状的计算VF的方法。通过比较使用商业计算流体动力学软件获得的结果来展示和验证这些结果。与以前发布的结果相比，减少了假设和简化的次数，并且两种方法都被证明是准确的，同时对于在线应用和流程优化（需要快速执行）的流程模型中的应用，仍保持足够的计算效率。