A kind of commercial hybrid carrageenan (HC)/agarose composite sponge containing κ‐, μ‐, ι‐, and ν‐carrageenan, which could turn into hydrogel and release carrageenan at human body temperature was fabricated for immune stimulation and modulation. Release behavior demonstrated that the hybrid carrageenan contained sponge was mechanically stable and could release carrageenan constantly. RT‐PCR and ELISA experiments showed that the leaching liquor of the sponge could stimulate RAW264.7 from M0 state to a polarized state by secreting more anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10 than pro‐inflammatory ones, such as, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Transwell experiments also indicated that the leaching liquor could promote the proliferation of NIH‐3T3 by stimulating RAW264.7 of M0 state after 7 days. Results of particle size and intracellular concentration analyses suggested that the released carrageenan might enter into the cellular interior of RAW264.7 in the form of microgels or protein complexes. The sponge would be a promising candidate for skin wound dressing.

中文翻译：

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角叉菜胶/琼脂糖复合海绵及其对 RAW264.7 的免疫调节活性

制备了一种含有κ-、μ-、ι-和ν-卡拉胶的商用混合角叉菜胶（HC）/琼脂糖复合海绵，可在人体温度下变成水凝胶并释放角叉菜胶，用于免疫刺激和调节。释放行为表明含有混合角叉菜胶的海绵具有机械稳定性，可以不断地释放角叉菜胶。RT-PCR和ELISA实验表明，海绵浸出液可以通过分泌比促炎因子更多的抗炎因子IL-10，如IL-6和TNF，将RAW264.7从M0状态刺激到极化状态。 -α。Transwell 实验还表明，浸出液可以通过在 7 天后刺激 M0 状态的 RAW264.7 来促进 NIH-3T3 的增殖。粒径和细胞内浓度分析结果表明，释放的角叉菜胶可能以微凝胶或蛋白质复合物的形式进入 RAW264.7 的细胞内部。海绵将成为皮肤伤口敷料的有希望的候选者。