In developmental and reproductive toxicity studies, analysis of litter‐based binary endpoints (e.g., incidence of malformed fetuses) is complex in that littermates often are not entirely independent of one another. It is well established that the litter, not the individual fetus, is the proper independent experimental unit in statistical analysis. Accordingly, analysis is often based on the proportion affected per litter and the litter proportions are analyzed as continuous data. Because these proportional data generally do not meet assumptions of symmetry or normality, data are typically analyzed by nonparametric methods, arcsine square root transformation, or logit transformation.

中文翻译：

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生殖和发育毒性研究中的比例数据分析：logit 变换、反正弦平方根变换和非参数分析的敏感性比较。

在发育和生殖毒性研究中，基于窝的二元终点（例如畸形胎儿的发生率）的分析是复杂的，因为窝通常并不完全相互独立。众所周知，垃圾，而不是单个胎儿，是统计分析中适当的独立实验单位。因此，分析通常基于每窝受到影响的比例，并且窝比例作为连续数据进行分析。由于这些比例数据通常不满足对称性或正态性假设，因此通常通过非参数方法、反正弦平方根变换或 logit 变换来分析数据。