Purpose

The aim of this study was to provide normative data measures of upper and lower limb strength, body balance and coordination, taking into account differences related to age and gender.

Materials and methods

The study included four groups of 60 people, differentiated by gender and age. During the tests, moments of strength in the joints of the upper and lower limbs, maintenance of body balance, and the coordination of upper and lower limbs were measured.

Results

Both age and gender had a significant impact on most of the measures characterising maximum strength capacity. In the case of body balance, only age differentiates the measures, while the measures determining coordination were more diverse due to gender. Statistically significant correlations were found between the moments of upper limb strength and the measures of coordination of the upper limb. Fewer such statistically significant correlations were found for the lower limb. There are no statistically significant correlations between muscle strength and variables characterising body balance. Results present the influence of age and gender on the ratio of the proportions of antagonistic muscle groups; and the relationship between measures of muscle strength, balance and coordination. Analysis were done within age and gender groups.

Conclusion

Strength capabilities of the upper and lower limbs are strongly diversified due to age and gender. It can be assumed that the strength of the lower limb muscles is not the dominant factor determining the maintenance of body balance. It can be argued, however, that the ratio of the moment of force of flexors and extensors in the hip joint can be meaningful. The presented results can be used as age-specific normative data for ergonomic assessment of professional drivers and for consideration of those values in the design process of motor vehicles and driving simulators.

中文翻译：

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与年龄和性别有关的身体和协调能力数据，作为健康与安全领域驾驶员的规范

目的

这项研究的目的是在考虑到与年龄和性别有关的差异的情况下，提供上肢和下肢力量，身体平衡和协调性的标准数据。

材料和方法

该研究包括四组，每组60人，按性别和年龄区分。在测试过程中，测量了上，下肢关节的力量，维持身体平衡以及上，下肢的协调性。

结果

年龄和性别都对表征最大力量的大多数措施产生了重大影响。在身体平衡的情况下，只有年龄才能区分这些措施，而决定协调的措施由于性别而更加多样化。在上肢力量的时刻与上肢协调性的度量之间发现统计上的显着相关性。下肢的这种统计学意义的相关性更少。肌肉力量与表征身体平衡的变量之间没有统计学上的显着相关性。结果表明年龄和性别对拮抗肌群比例的影响。以及肌肉力量，平衡和协调的度量之间的关系。在年龄和性别组内进行了分析。

结论

上肢和下肢的力量能力因年龄和性别而异。可以假设下肢肌肉的力量不是决定维持身体平衡的主要因素。但是，可以认为髋关节屈肌和伸肌的力矩之比可能是有意义的。提出的结果可以用作针对特定年龄段的规范性数据，以对专业驾驶员进行人体工程学评估，并可以在汽车和驾驶模拟器的设计过程中考虑这些值。