Smart city infrastructures such as transportation and energy networks are evolving into so-called cyber physical social systems (CPSSs), which collect and leverage citizens’ data in order to adapt services to citizens’ needs. The privacy implications of such systems are, however, significant and need to be addressed. Current systems either try to escape the privacy challenge via anonymization or use very rigid, hard-coded workflows that have been agreed with a data protection authority. In the case of the latter, there is a severe impact on data quality and richness, whereas in the former, only these hard-coded flows are permitted resulting in diminished functionality and potential. We address these limitations via user modeling in terms of investigating how to model and semantically represent user consent, preferences, and data usage policies that will guide the processing of said data in the data lake. Data protection is a horizontal field and consequently very wide. Therefore, we focus on a concrete setting where we extend the domain-agnostic SPECIAL policy language for a smart mobility use case supplied by Vienna’s largest utility provider. To that end, (1) we create an extension of SPECIAL in terms of a core CPSS vocabulary that lowers the semantic gap between the domain agnostic terms of SPECIAL and the vocabulary of the use case; (2) we propose a workflow that supports defining domain-specific vocabularies for complex CPSSs; and (3) show that these two contributions allow successfully achieving the goals of our setting.

中文翻译：

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用户同意模型可确保智能城市的透明度和合规性

诸如交通和能源网络之类的智慧城市基础设施正在演变成所谓的网络物理社会系统（CPSS），该系统收集并利用公民的数据，以使服务适应公民的需求。但是，此类系统的隐私意义重大，需要加以解决。当前的系统要么试图通过匿名化来逃避隐私挑战，要么使用已经与数据保护机构达成一致的非常严格的硬编码工作流。对于后者，将严重影响数据质量和丰富性，而对于前者，仅允许这些硬编码流，从而导致功能和潜力下降。我们通过用户建模解决这些限制在研究如何建模和语义上表示用户同意，偏好和数据使用策略方面，这些策略将指导在数据湖中处理所述数据。数据保护是一个水平领域，因此非常广泛。因此，我们将重点放在一个具体的设置上，在该设置中，我们为维也纳最大的公用事业提供商提供的智能移动用例扩展了领域无关的SPECIAL策略语言。为此，（1）我们根据核心CPSS词汇表创建了SPECIAL的扩展，从而缩小了SPECIAL的领域不可知术语和用例词汇之间的语义鸿沟；（2）我们提出了一个工作流，该工作流支持为复杂的CPSS定义特定领域的词汇表；（3）表明这两个贡献可以成功实现我们的目标。