APTEEN is a typical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks, but when clustering, cluster heads are randomly selected, which makes it easy to select nodes with low residual energy as cluster heads, thus forming network holes. At the same time, in multi hop transmission, the cluster head near the sink node is overloaded due to forwarding a large amount of data. Aiming at these problems, this paper introduces PSO algorithm and proposes ADCH-EPE-APTEEN routing protocol. In order to make the particle swarm optimization algorithm more suitable for routing protocol, this paper first proposes DCA-PSO based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. DCA-PSO uses the classification adaptive change inertia weight for different states of particles in the optimization process. At the same time, dynamic learning factor is used to improve the influence of particle experience and other particle experience on convergence speed and to improve the optimization accuracy and speed of the algorithm. Secondly, when APTEEN routing protocol is networked, the cluster head is selected by DCA-PSO, in which the residual energy of nodes, the location of nodes, and the energy distribution around nodes are fully taken into consideration. Thirdly, considering the distance between nodes and the sink node, the residual energy and the energy distribution around nodes, a front area is set up in the cluster located in the upper half and the assistant cluster head is selected in the front area through the DCA-PSO algorithm. The simulation results show that the DCA-PSO algorithm can significantly improve the search speed and precision compared with the PSO algorithm. Compared with APTEEN routing protocol, the ADCH-EPE-APTEEN routing protocol can reduce the network energy consumption rate and extend network lifetime by 173%.

APTEEN是无线传感器网络的典型路由协议，但是当进行群集时，群集头是随机选择的，这使得容易选择剩余能量较低的节点作为群集头，从而形成网络漏洞。同时，在多跳传输中，由于转发大量数据，宿节点附近的簇头过载。针对这些问题，本文介绍了PSO算法，并提出了ADCH-EPE-APTEEN路由协议。为了使粒子群优化算法更适合路由协议，本文首先提出基于粒子群优化算法的DCA-PSO。DCA-PSO在优化过程中将分类自适应变化惯性权重用于不同状态的粒子。同时，动态学习因子用于改善粒子经验和其他粒子经验对收敛速度的影响，并提高算法的优化精度和速度。其次，当APTEEN路由协议联网时，通过DCA-PSO选择簇头，其中充分考虑了节点的剩余能量，节点的位置以及节点周围的能量分布。第三，考虑节点与汇节点之间的距离，剩余能量和节点周围的能量分布，通过DCA在位于上半部的集群中设置前部区域，并在前部区域中选择辅助集群头。 -PSO算法。仿真结果表明，与PSO算法相比，DCA-PSO算法可以显着提高搜索速度和搜索精度。与APTEEN路由协议相比，ADCH-EPE-APTEEN路由协议可以降低网络能耗，并延长网络寿命173％。