We consider a scenario where the small satellites of Pluto and Charon grew within a disk of debris from an impact between Charon and a trans-Neptunian Object (TNO). After Charon's orbital motion boosts the debris into a disk-like structure, rapid orbital damping of meter-size or smaller objects is essential to prevent the subsequent re-accretion or dynamical ejection by the binary. From analytical estimates and simulations of disk evolution, we estimate an impactor radius of 30-100 km; smaller (larger) radii apply to an oblique (direct) impact. Although collisions between large TNOs and Charon are unlikely today, they were relatively common within the first 0.1-1 Gyr of the solar system. Compared to models where the small satellites agglomerate in the debris left over by the giant impact that produced the Pluto-Charon binary planet, satellite formation from a later impact on Charon avoids the destabilizing resonances that sweep past the satellites during the early orbital expansion of the binary.

中文翻译：

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冥王星-卡戎协奏曲：对作为小卫星起源的卡戎的影响

我们考虑这样一种场景，冥王星和卡戎的小卫星在卡戎和跨海王星物体 (TNO) 之间撞击的碎片盘中生长。在卡戎的轨道运动将碎片推进成盘状结构后，米级或更小的物体的快速轨道阻尼对于防止随后的重新吸积或双星动力喷射至关重要。根据圆盘演化的分析估计和模拟，我们估计撞击半径为 30-100 公里；较小（较大）半径适用于斜（直接）撞击。尽管今天大型 TNO 和卡戎之间不太可能发生碰撞，但它们在太阳系的前 0.1-1 Gyr 内相对常见。与小卫星聚集在产生冥王星-卡戎双行星的巨大撞击留下的碎片中的模型相比，