Following its emergence in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused what rapidly became a global pandemic. The precise origin and subsequent path of transmission have not yet been established—but like the other novel coronaviruses that it closely resembles, it appears to have evolved naturally in a bat host. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), ranges from asymptomatic, to mild self-limited illness, to progressive pneumonia, respiratory compromise, multiorgan failure, and death. In addition, a hyperinflammatory disease state occurs in a subset of patients, and may be seen either during acute infection or following recovery. The search for effective pharmacological management of COVID-19 continues, but several promising candidates have been identified, including the viral nucleoside analog remdesivir. However, despite the existence of literally thousands of clinical trials, the management of COVID-19 remains challenging, and the development of an optimal, evidence-based therapeutic approach is ongoing. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 on the biobanking world is evolving and profound—in particular, it is likely that many of mysteries surrounding COVID-19 will be solved via the availability of high-quality, large-scale collection, storage, and analysis of patient specimens. The purpose of this review article is therefore to provide a rapid, comprehensive, and relevant overview and primer on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, with attention to the epidemiology, virology, transmission, clinical features, and major therapeutic options currently existent.

中文翻译：

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严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2和冠状病毒疾病2019：临床概述和引物。

自2019年12月出现后，严重的急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）迅速引起了全球性大流行。确切的起源和随后的传播途径尚未确定，但就像它非常相似的其他新型冠状病毒一样，它似乎已经在蝙蝠宿主中自然进化。由SARS-CoV-2感染引起的疾病称为2019年冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19），范围从无症状，轻度自限性疾病，进行性肺炎，呼吸系统损害，多器官衰竭和死亡。另外，高炎症性疾病状态发生在一部分患者中，并且可能在急性感染期间或恢复后可见。继续寻求有效的COVID-19药理管理方法，但是已经确定了几种有希望的候选物，包括病毒核苷类似物瑞昔韦。然而，尽管确实存在成千上万的临床试验，但是COVID-19的管理仍然具有挑战性，并且正在开发基于证据的最佳治疗方法。SARS-CoV-2和COVID-19对生物银行世界的影响正在不断发展和深远，尤其是，围绕COVID-19的许多谜团可能会通过提供高质量的大规模馆藏来解决，存储和分析患者样本。因此，本文的目的是提供有关SARS-CoV-2和COVID-19的快速，全面且相关的概述和入门，并关注流行病学，病毒学，传播，临床特征，