Female mate choice is often based on male traits, including signals or behaviors, and/or the quality of a male’s territory. In species with obligate paternal care, where care directly affects offspring survival, females may also base their mate choices on the quality of a sire’s care. Here, we quantified male reproductive success in a natural population of the glass frog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, a species with male parental care, to determine the influence of territory quality, male traits, and paternal care behaviors on female mate choice. We found that attending males have a higher chance of gaining new clutches than nonattending males. Our results indicate that females do not select males based only on body condition, calling persistence, or territory traits. Instead, our findings support the hypothesis that females choose males based on care status. Indeed, males already attending a clutch were 70% more likely to obtain another clutch, and the time to acquire an additional clutch was significantly shorter. We also found that males adjust their parental care effort in response to genetic relatedness by caring only for their own offspring; however, remaining close to unrelated clutches serves as a strategy to attract females and increase chances of successful mating. Thus, males that establish territories that already contain clutches benefit from the signal eggs provide to females.

中文翻译：

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告诉我您在乎：根据卵的出勤率而不是男性或领地特征来选择雌性

女伴侣的选择通常基于男性特征，包括信号或行为，和/或男性领土的质量。在有专职的父母照料的物种中，照料会直接影响后代的生存，雌性的配偶选择也可能基于父亲的照料质量。在这里，我们量化了玻璃蛙Hyalinobatrachium cappellei的自然种群中男性生殖的成功，一种具有男性父母照料的物种，以确定地域质量，男性特征和父母照料行为对女性伴侣选择的影响。我们发现，参加活动的男性比没有参加活动的男性更有机会获得新的机会。我们的结果表明，女性不仅仅根据身体状况，持久性或地域性状选择男性。取而代之的是，我们的发现支持了以下假设：女性根据照护状况选择男性。确实，已经参加了离合器的男性获得另一个离合器的可能性要高出70％，并且获得额外离合器的时间也大大缩短。我们还发现，雄性只照看自己的后代，即可根据遗传相关性来调整父母的照料工作。然而，保持不相干的离合器是一种吸引雌性并增加成功交配机会的策略。因此，建立已经包含离合器的领土的雄性受益于提供给雌性的信号卵。