Magnetic skyrmions (or vortices) are spatially inhomogeneous spin textures localized in nanoscale cylindrical regions. Their small size and unique stability make skyrmions attractive for the study of spin topology and technologies wherein information is carried by the electron spin in addition to, or instead of, the electron charge. Despite advances in the synthesis of materials in which axisymmetric magnetic skyrmions can be stabilized and characterized, there has been relatively slow progress in elucidating the basic properties. This Perspective aims to bridge this gap by delivering a brief, accessible guide to the physical principles governing magnetic skyrmions.

磁性天体离子（或涡旋）是空间不均匀的自旋纹理，位于纳米级圆柱区域。它们的小尺寸和独特的稳定性使skyrmion对于自旋拓扑和技术的研究具有吸引力，在自旋拓扑和技术中，信息是由电子自旋携带的，除了电子电荷，还是代替电子电荷。尽管在其中可以稳定和表征轴对称磁性天生离子的材料的合成方面取得了进展，但是在阐明基本特性方面进展相对较慢。本“观点”旨在通过提供有关控制磁性天to的物理原理的简要且易于访问的指南来弥合这一差距。