Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is emerging as a safe and effective targeted approach to treating many types of cancer. In RPT, radiation is systemically or locally delivered using pharmaceuticals that either bind preferentially to cancer cells or accumulate by physiological mechanisms. Almost all radionuclides used in RPT emit photons that can be imaged, enabling non-invasive visualization of the biodistribution of the therapeutic agent. Compared with almost all other systemic cancer treatment options, RPT has shown efficacy with minimal toxicity. With the recent FDA approval of several RPT agents, the remarkable potential of this treatment is now being recognized. This Review covers the fundamental properties, clinical development and associated challenges of RPT.

放射性药物治疗 (RPT) 正在成为治疗多种癌症的安全有效的靶向方法。在 RPT 中，使用优先与癌细胞结合或通过生理机制积累的药物进行全身或局部递送。 RPT 中使用的几乎所有放射性核素都会发射可成像的光子，从而实现治疗剂生物分布的非侵入性可视化。与几乎所有其他全身性癌症治疗方案相比，RPT 已显示出疗效和最小的毒性。随着 FDA 最近批准了几种 RPT 药物，这种治疗的巨大潜力现已得到认可。本综述涵盖了 RPT 的基本特性、临床发展和相关挑战。