As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.

作为恶性肿瘤最常见的转移部位之一，骨骼具有独特的微环境，允许转移性肿瘤细胞生长和繁殖。骨中的有孔毛细血管、骨基质和骨细胞（包括成骨细胞和破骨细胞）共同维持骨微环境的稳态。相反，肿瘤衍生因子作用于骨成分，导致随后的骨吸收或过度骨形成。所涉及的各种途径也为骨转移的治疗策略提供了多个靶点。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对骨转移机制的认识。基于骨转移的一般过程，我们特别强调了肿瘤细胞与骨微环境之间复杂的串扰以及当前癌症骨转移的治疗。