High NO₃ concentrations in the Abbotsford‐Sumas aquifer are linked to raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. Passive capillary wick samplers were used to quantify the impacts of N, irrigation, and alley managements on drainage and NO₃ leaching from raspberry rows and alleys over 4 yr. Conventional management (100 kg N ha⁻¹ surface broadcast on the row as a split application, clean cultivation of alleys, and fixed‐duration drip irrigation) was compared with different mineral fertilizer N rates, N applied as manure, alleys seeded to a perennial forage grass or an autumn‐seeded spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop, or evapotranspiration (ET)‐scheduled irrigation. The temporal pattern of drainage and NO₃ leaching was driven by seasonal precipitation and growing season irrigation. Growing season drainage and NO₃ leaching were much lower under ET‐scheduled irrigation compared with fixed irrigation. Nitrate leaching was high (up to 90 kg N ha⁻¹), even with no managed N inputs due to high inherent soil fertility and large quantities of N applied in irrigation water. Nitrate leaching was insensitive to N fertilizer rate. Application of N as poultry manure more than doubled NO₃ leaching compared with fertilizer, emphasizing the need to use organic N inputs judiciously. The perennial grass alley cover crop resulted in the greatest overall reduction in NO₃ leaching. Our data indicate that no single management strategy is sufficient to protect groundwater quality. Rather, an integrated package of improved practices (i.e., application of a reduced rate of mineral N through fertigation, combined with ET‐scheduled irrigation and perennial alley crop) is necessary to protect groundwater quality.

中文翻译：

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氮，灌溉和小巷管理对覆盆子硝酸盐浸出的影响

Abbotsford-Sumas含水层中的高NO ₃浓度与覆盆子（Rubus idaeus L.）的生产有关。被动毛细管芯采样器用于量化氮，灌溉和小巷管理对4年间覆盆子行和小巷中排水和NO ₃淋洗的影响。比较了常规管理（分批施用100 kg N ha ^-1的地面分行施用，小巷的清洁栽培和固定持续时间的滴灌）与不同矿物肥料氮肥比例，氮作为肥料施用，播种到多年生小巷的方法进行了比较。饲草或秋季播种的春季大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）作物，或预定蒸散（ET）。排水和NO的时间格局₃淋洗是由季节性降水和生长季灌溉驱动的。与固定灌溉相比，ET计划灌溉的生长季排水和NO ₃淋洗要低得多。硝态氮的淋失很高（高达90 kg N ha ^-1），即使由于土壤固有的高肥力和灌溉用水中大量的氮而没有管理的氮输入。硝酸盐淋洗对氮肥施用量不敏感。与肥料相比，将氮作为家禽粪肥的施用使NO _3的浸出增加了一倍以上，从而强调了明智地使用有机氮投入的必要性。多年生草巷的农作物使NO _3的总体减少量最大浸出。我们的数据表明，没有单一的管理策略足以保护地下水质量。相反，对于保护地下水质量而言，有必要采取一套综合的改进措施（即通过施肥减少氮素的施用量，并结合ET计划的灌溉和多年生小径作物）。