The use of untapped plant genetic resources of wheat (Triticum spp.) can enhance its productivity. In the present study, we characterized 22,416 accessions of three different species of wheat conserved in the Indian National Genebank using 23 qualitative and 12 quantitative traits to develop a core set. These accessions were highly diverse on the basis of range, coefficient of variation, and Shannon–Weaver diversity index. Initial grouping was done on the bases of species and origin, and thereafter, agromorphological data were used to develop core sets for each species group using the heuristic approach with PowerCore. Finally, a composite core set was constituted comprising 2,226 accessions, which included 1,779 accessions of bread wheat (T. aestivum L.), 394 of durum wheat [T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren], and 53 of emmer wheat [T. dicoccon Schrank; syn. T. turgidum L. subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell]. The core set was validated under field conditions. Also, the coincidence rate of range (CR) (bread wheat, 85.78%; durum wheat, 87.52%; and emmer wheat, 95.34%) and variable rate of the coefficient of variation (VR) (bread wheat, 174.9%; durum wheat, 136.5%; and emmer wheat, 105.81%) were more than the threshold values of 80 and 100%, respectively. The phenotypic correlations among different traits attributable to coadapted gene complexes and total variation shown by principal components in the entire set were also mostly preserved in the core set. The composite wheat core and the trait‐specific germplasm sets identified would serve as valuable resources for global wheat improvement programs.

中文翻译：

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鉴定印度国家种质库中保存的小麦种质并建立复合核心种质

利用未开发的小麦植物遗传资源（小麦）可以提高其生产力。在本研究中，我们使用23个定性和12个定量性状开发了一个核心集，对印度国家种质库中保存的三种不同小麦的22,416种保藏号进行了表征。这些种在范围，变异系数和香农-韦弗多样性指数的基础上具有高度的多样性。最初的分组是基于物种和起源进行的，然后，利用PowerCore的启发式方法，利用农业形态学数据为每个物种组开发核心集。最终，组成了一个包含2226份登录号的复合核心集，其中包括1779份面包小麦（T. aestivum L。），394粒硬粒小麦[T. turgidum L.亚种 durum（Desf。）van Slageren]和Emmer Wheat的53 [ T. dicoccon Schrank; 同步 T. turgidum L.亚种 三叉戟（施兰克·塞尔）。核心集在现场条件下得到验证。此外，范围（CR）的重合率（面包小麦85.78％；硬质小麦87.52％； Emmer小麦95.34％）和变异系数的可变比率（VR）（面包小麦174.9％；硬质小麦） （分别为136.5％和105.81％），分别超过了阈值80和100％。整个集合中归因于共适应基因复合体的不同性状之间的表型相关性和整个主成分所显示的总变异也大部分保留在核心集中。确定的复合小麦核心和性状特异种质资源将为全球小麦改良计划提供宝贵资源。