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Simulation modeling reveals the evolutionary role of landscape shape and species dispersal on genetic variation within a metapopulation
Ecography ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 , DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05118
Ming-Chih Chiu 1, 2 , Kei Nukazawa 3 , Thaddeus Carvajal 1 , Vincent H. Resh 4 , Bin Li 5 , Kozo Watanabe 1
Affiliation  

Different shapes of landscape boundaries can affect the habitat networks within them and consequently the spatial genetic‐patterns of a metapopulation. In this study, we used a mechanistic framework to evaluate the effects of landscape shape, through watershed elongation, on genetic divergence among populations at the metapopulation scale. Empirical genetic data from four, sympatric stream‐macroinvertebrates having aerial adults were collected from streams in Japan to determine the roles of species‐specific dispersal strategies on metapopulation genetics. Simulation results indicated that watershed elongation allows the formation of river networks with fewer branches and larger topographic constraints. This results in decreased interpopulation connectivity but a lower level of spatial isolation of distal populations (e.g. those found in headwaters) occurring in the landscapes examined. Distal populations had higher genetic divergence when their downstream‐biased dispersal (relative to upstream‐ and/or overland‐biased dispersal) was high. This underscores the importance of distal populations influencing genetic divergence at the metapopulation scale for species having downstream‐biased dispersal. In turn, lower genetic divergence was observed under watershed elongation when the genetic isolation of distal populations was decreased in such species. This strong association between landscape shape and evolutionary processes highlights the importance of natural, spatial architecture in assessing the effectiveness of conservation and management strategies.

中文翻译:

模拟建模揭示了景观形状和物种扩散对一个种群内遗传变异的进化作用

不同形状的景观边界会影响其中的栖息地网络,进而影响到一个种群的空间遗传模式。在这项研究中,我们使用了一个机械学的框架,通过分水岭的延伸,评估了景观形状对在种群规模上种群间遗传差异的影响。从日本的溪流中收集了四个具有成年成虫的同伴溪流-无脊椎动物的经验遗传数据,以确定物种特定的扩散策略在种群遗传学中​​的作用。模拟结果表明,分水岭的延伸允许形成具有较少分支和较大地形约束的河网。这导致种群之间的连通性下降,但远端种群的空间隔离水平降低(例如 在源头发现的那些)出现在所检查的景观中。当远端种群的下游偏向分散度(相对于上游偏向和/或陆偏偏分散度)较高时,远端种群具有较高的遗传差异。这突显了远端种群对于具有下游偏向性扩散的物种,在种群规模上影响遗传差异的重要性。反过来,当在此类物种中远端种群的遗传隔离减少时,在分水岭延伸下观察到较低的遗传差异。景观形状与进化过程之间的这种紧密联系突出了自然,空间建筑在评估保护和管理策略的有效性中的重要性。当远端种群的下游偏向分散度(相对于上游偏向和/或陆偏偏分散度)较高时,远端种群具有较高的遗传差异。这凸显了远端种群对于具有下游偏向性扩散的物种,在种群规模上影响遗传差异的重要性。反过来,当在此类物种中远端种群的遗传隔离减少时,在分水岭延伸下观察到较低的遗传差异。景观形状与进化过程之间的这种紧密联系突出了自然,空间建筑在评估保护和管理策略的有效性中的重要性。当远端种群的下游偏向分散度(相对于上游偏向和/或陆偏偏分散度)较高时,远端种群具有较高的遗传差异。这凸显了远端种群对于具有下游偏向性扩散的物种,在种群规模上影响遗传差异的重要性。反过来,当在此类物种中远端种群的遗传隔离减少时,在分水岭延伸下观察到较低的遗传差异。景观形状与进化过程之间的这种紧密联系突出了自然,空间建筑在评估保护和管理策略的有效性中的重要性。这突显了远端种群对于具有下游偏向性扩散的物种,在种群规模上影响遗传差异的重要性。反过来,当在此类物种中远端种群的遗传隔离减少时,在分水岭延伸下观察到较低的遗传差异。景观形状与进化过程之间的这种紧密联系突出了自然,空间建筑在评估保护和管理策略的有效性中的重要性。这凸显了远端种群对于具有下游偏向性扩散的物种,在种群规模上影响遗传差异的重要性。反过来,当在此类物种中远端种群的遗传隔离减少时,在分水岭延伸下观察到较低的遗传差异。景观形状与进化过程之间的这种紧密联系突出了自然,空间建筑在评估保护和管理策略的有效性中的重要性。
更新日期:2020-07-29
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