Abstract The destroyed site(s) of Koskobilo (Olazti, Navarre, Northern Iberian Peninsula) have yielded unique archaeo-paleontological evidence in the Western Pyrenees region. The quarry uncovered a karstic site with faunal remains in 1940, and fossils were recovered both in situ and from the quarry dump. Ten years later, while the quarry was still working, a new visit to the dump yielded a large lithic assemblage and additional fossil remains with a different taphonomic pattern, which has been interpreted as the remains coming from a different site or zone within the same karst system. Here we re-study the paleontological evidence and provide new dating on a speleothem covering a Stephanorhinus hemitoechus tooth, which has yielded a minimum date of c. 220 ka for part of the assemblage. In total, the fossil assemblage comprises 38 mammal and six avian taxa and three fish remains. The faunal evidence indicates that in 1940 a mix of taxa from both the Middle and Upper Pleistocene were recovered, and it is difficult to assign most of them to a concrete period. However, based on biochronological criteria some of the identified taxa (e.g., Ursus thibetanus, Ursus cf. deningeri, Cuon cf. priscus, Macaca sylvanus, cf. Megaceroides) could be roughly contemporaneous with the dated rhino tooth, which would provide a new window to the Middle Pleistocene of the region, with deposits from MIS 7d and/or older. Despite the difficulties in studying this collection, recovered without stratigraphic context and in a salvage operation, Koskobilo has yielded an important paleontological assemblage which helps to understand the paleoecology of the Middle Pleistocene human occupations in the Western Pyrenees.

中文翻译：

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Koskobilo（奥拉兹蒂，纳瓦拉，伊比利亚半岛北部）古生物学收藏：对西比利牛斯山脉中更新世和晚更新世的新见解

摘要 Koskobilo（奥拉兹蒂，纳瓦拉，伊比利亚半岛北部）被毁坏的遗址在西比利牛斯山脉地区产生了独特的考古古生物证据。采石场在 1940 年发现了一处有动物群遗骸的岩溶遗址，并在原地和采石场垃圾场中找到了化石。十年后，当采石场仍在工作时，对垃圾场的新访问产生了大量的岩屑组合和其他具有不同埋藏模式的化石遗骸，这被解释为遗骸来自同一喀斯特内的不同地点或区域系统。在这里，我们重新研究了古生物学证据，并在覆盖 Stephanorhinus hemitoechus 牙齿的洞穴中提供了新的年代，该牙齿的最小日期为 c。220 ka 为组装的一部分。总共，化石组合包括 38 种哺乳动物和 6 种鸟类分类群以及 3 种鱼类遗骸。动物群证据表明，在 1940 年恢复了来自中更新世和上更新世的混合分类群，很难将其中的大部分归入具体时期。然而，根据生物年代学标准，一些已识别的分类群（例如 Ursus thibetanus、Ursus cf.deningeri、Cuon cf. priscus、Macaca sylvanus、cf. Megaceroides）可能与过时的犀牛牙齿大致同时期，这将提供一个新的窗口到该地区的中更新世，有 MIS 7d 和/或更早的沉积物。尽管研究这个藏品有困难，在没有地层背景和打捞作业中恢复，