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De novo nose-pinching stereotypy with somnolence: Clues to autoimmune encephalitis
Journal of Neuroimmunology ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577348
Divyani Garg 1 , Ayush Agarwal 2 , Ram Bhagyawant 2 , Trimaan Singh Sikand 2 , Ajai Kumar Singh 2
Affiliation  

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is being increasingly recognized as a cause of new-onset movement disorders. Movement disorders in AE are diverse and range from hyperkinetic conditions such as oromandibular dyskinesias, tremors and chorea to hypokinetic ones such as bradykinesia and parkinsonism. Stereotypies have been described in association with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Similarly, sleep dysfunction is an underrecognized feature in many AE subtypes, prominently anti-IgLON5 although the correlation of phenotype of sleep dysfunction with a particular antibody subtype in AE is unclear. Despite the recognition of both these features as part of an overreaching spectrum in any patient with AE, seldom are they the sole presenting manifestations. Additionally, the challenge is further compounded in a patient who has seronegative AE since neither sleep disturbances nor stereotypies have been well characterized with this condition yet, and the diagnosis is conditional to exhausting a list of ancillary supportive features. In this brief communication, we describe the case of a young man who presented with hypersomnolence and an unusual focal nose-pinching stereotypy of subacute onset who lacked the presence of other typical clinical characteristics such as cognitive/memory impairment and seizures and had negative autoimmune antibodies but responded to immune therapy dramatically. We propose that the presence of de novo hypersomnolence and stereotypy should inform a potential diagnosis of AE.

中文翻译:

从头捏鼻子的刻板印象与嗜睡:自身免疫性脑炎的线索

自身免疫性脑炎 (AE) 越来越被认为是新发运动障碍的原因。AE 中的运动障碍多种多样,范围从多动症(例如口颌运动障碍、震颤和舞蹈病)到运动减退症(例如运动迟缓和帕金森症)。刻板印象与抗 NMDAR 脑炎有关。同样,睡眠功能障碍是许多 AE 亚型中未被充分认识的特征,主要是抗 IgLON5,尽管睡眠功能障碍的表型与 AE 中特定抗体亚型的相关性尚不清楚。尽管在任何 AE 患者中都认识到这两个特征是过度范围的一部分,但它们很少是唯一的表现形式。此外,在血清阴性 AE 患者中,挑战进一步复杂化,因为睡眠障碍和刻板印象都没有很好地表征这种情况,而且诊断的条件是用尽一系列辅助支持特征。在这个简短的交流中,我们描述了一个年轻人的案例,他表现出嗜睡和亚急性发作的不寻常的局灶性捏鼻子刻板印象,他没有其他典型的临床特征,如认知/记忆障碍和癫痫发作,并且自身免疫抗体呈阴性但对免疫治疗反应显着。我们建议,从头嗜睡和刻板印象的存在应告知 AE 的潜在诊断。并且诊断的条件是穷尽一系列辅助支持特征。在这个简短的交流中,我们描述了一个年轻人的案例,他表现出嗜睡和亚急性发作的不寻常的局灶性捏鼻子刻板印象,他没有其他典型的临床特征,如认知/记忆障碍和癫痫发作,并且自身免疫抗体呈阴性但对免疫治疗反应显着。我们建议,从头嗜睡和刻板印象的存在应告知 AE 的潜在诊断。并且诊断的条件是穷尽一系列辅助支持特征。在这个简短的交流中,我们描述了一个年轻人的案例,他表现出嗜睡和亚急性发作的不寻常的局灶性捏鼻子刻板印象,他没有其他典型的临床特征,如认知/记忆障碍和癫痫发作,并且自身免疫抗体呈阴性但对免疫治疗反应显着。我们建议,从头嗜睡和刻板印象的存在应告知 AE 的潜在诊断。我们描述了一个年轻人的案例,他表现出嗜睡和亚急性发作的不寻常的局灶性捏鼻子刻板印象,他没有其他典型的临床特征,如认知/记忆障碍和癫痫发作,自身免疫抗体呈阴性,但对免疫治疗有反应戏剧性地。我们建议,从头嗜睡和刻板印象的存在应告知 AE 的潜在诊断。我们描述了一个年轻人的案例,他表现出嗜睡和亚急性发作的不寻常的局灶性捏鼻子刻板印象,他没有其他典型的临床特征,如认知/记忆障碍和癫痫发作,自身免疫抗体呈阴性,但对免疫治疗有反应戏剧性地。我们建议,从头嗜睡和刻板印象的存在应告知 AE 的潜在诊断。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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