Abstract Livestock is one of the major sources of livelihood for the agro-pastoral communities in central and south Asia. Livestock depredation by large carnivores is a wide-ranging issue that leads to economic losses and a deviance from co-existence. We investigated the grass root factors causing livestock depredation in Kargil, Ladakh and tested the findings of diet analysis in validating reported livestock depredation. Globally vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and more common wolf (Canis lupus) were the two main wild predators. A total of 1113 heads of livestock were reportedly killed by wolf (43.6%) followed by unknown predators (31.4%) and snow leopard (21.5%) in the study site from 2009 to 2012, which comes to 2.8% annual livestock losses. Scat analysis also revealed a significant amount of livestock in the diet of snow leopard (47%) and wolf (51%). Poor livestock husbandry practices and traditional livestock corrals were found to be the major drivers contributing in the livestock depredation. Based on the research findings, we worked with the local communities to sensitize them about wildlife conservation and extended limited support for predator proof livestock corrals at a small scale. Eventually it helped in reducing conflict level and conserving the globally threatened carnivores. We conclude that a participatory approach has been successful to generate an example in reducing large carnivore-human conflict in the west Himalaya.

中文翻译：

---

印度跨喜马拉雅地区的牲畜掠夺模式和大型食肉动物保护意义

摘要 畜牧业是中亚和南亚农牧社区的主要生计来源之一。大型食肉动物对牲畜的掠夺是一个范围广泛的问题，会导致经济损失和偏离共存。我们调查了导致拉达克卡吉尔牲畜掠夺的草根因素，并测试了饮食分析的结果以验证报告的牲畜掠夺。全球脆弱的雪豹 (Panthera uncia) 和更常见的狼 (Canis lupus) 是两种主要的野生捕食者。据报道，从 2009 年到 2012 年，研究地点共有 1113 头牲畜被狼 (43.6%) 其次是未知捕食者 (31.4%) 和雪豹 (21.5%) 杀死，每年牲畜损失为 2.8%。粪便分析还显示，雪豹 (47%) 和狼 (51%) 的饮食中含有大量牲畜。发现牲畜饲养不当和传统的牲畜圈是造成牲畜掠夺的主要驱动因素。根据研究结果，我们与当地社区合作，提高他们对野生动物保护的敏感度，并在小范围内扩大对防捕食牲畜畜栏的有限支持。最终，它有助于降低冲突水平并保护全球受威胁的食肉动物。我们得出的结论是，参与式方法已成功地为减少喜马拉雅西部的大型食肉动物与人类之间的冲突树立了榜样。发现牲畜饲养不当和传统的牲畜圈是造成牲畜掠夺的主要驱动因素。根据研究结果，我们与当地社区合作，提高他们对野生动物保护的敏感度，并在小范围内扩大对防捕食牲畜畜栏的有限支持。最终，它有助于降低冲突水平并保护全球受威胁的食肉动物。我们得出的结论是，参与式方法已成功地为减少喜马拉雅西部的大型食肉动物与人类之间的冲突树立了榜样。发现牲畜饲养不当和传统的牲畜圈是造成牲畜掠夺的主要驱动因素。根据研究结果，我们与当地社区合作，提高他们对野生动物保护的敏感度，并在小范围内扩大对防捕食牲畜畜栏的有限支持。最终，它有助于降低冲突水平并保护全球受威胁的食肉动物。我们得出的结论是，参与式方法已成功地为减少喜马拉雅西部的大型食肉动物与人类之间的冲突树立了榜样。最终，它有助于降低冲突水平并保护全球受威胁的食肉动物。我们得出的结论是，参与式方法已成功地为减少喜马拉雅西部的大型食肉动物与人类之间的冲突树立了榜样。最终，它有助于降低冲突水平并保护全球受威胁的食肉动物。我们得出的结论是，参与式方法已成功地为减少喜马拉雅西部的大型食肉动物与人类之间的冲突树立了榜样。