Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is malignancy which impairs the life quality of patients and seriously threatens human life. HPV infection has increasingly been recognized as a significant etiology for HNSCC initiation and progression. Emerging evidences have suggested that HPV+and HPV- HNSCC patients showed different responses to cancer therapy, which may be attributed to varied immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we made a comprehensive analysis of significant genes and immune cell infiltration in HNSCC with different HPV status. Firstly, transcriptome data of HNSCC samples with available HPV status was downloaded from The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differential expression analysis was performed. A total of 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 32 upregulated and 29 downregulated genes were identified in HPV+ HNSCC when compared to HPV- HNSCC. Further enrichment analysis demonstrated these DEGs were closely associated with cancer-related biological functions and signaling pathways. Infiltration of 22 kinds of immune cells was evaluated by CIBERSORT based on gene expression matrix. As a result, it was indicated that the infiltration of follicular helper T cells, gamma delta T cells, monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils presented significantly differences between HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC. Collectively, our findings may provide new evidences for the development of immunotherapy and personalized precision medicine for HNSCC with different HPV status.

头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）是恶性肿瘤，会损害患者的生活质量并严重威胁人类生命。HPV感染日益被认为是HNSCC发生和发展的重要病因。新兴证据表明，HPV +和HPV-HNSCC患者对癌症治疗表现出不同的反应，这可能归因于肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞浸润的不同。在本研究中，我们对HPV不同状态的HNSCC中重要基因和免疫细胞浸润进行了综合分析。首先，从Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）数据库下载具有可用HPV状态的HNSCC样品的转录组数据，并进行差异表达分析。与HPV-HNSCC相比，在HPV + HNSCC中共鉴定出61个差异表达基因（DEG），包括32个上调基因和29个下调基因。进一步的富集分析表明，这些DEG与癌症相关的生物学功能和信号通路密切相关。基于基因表达矩阵的CIBERSORT评估了22种免疫细胞的浸润。结果表明，卵泡辅助性T细胞，γδT细胞，单核细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的浸润在HPV +和HPV-HNSCC之间呈现出显着差异。总体而言，我们的发现可能为开发具有不同HPV状态的HNSCC的免疫疗法和个性化精密医学提供新的证据。进一步的富集分析表明，这些DEG与癌症相关的生物学功能和信号通路密切相关。基于基因表达矩阵的CIBERSORT评估了22种免疫细胞的浸润。结果表明，卵泡辅助性T细胞，γδT细胞，单核细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的浸润在HPV +和HPV-HNSCC之间呈现出显着差异。总体而言，我们的发现可能为开发具有不同HPV状态的HNSCC的免疫疗法和个性化精密医学提供新的证据。进一步的富集分析表明，这些DEG与癌症相关的生物学功能和信号通路密切相关。基于基因表达矩阵的CIBERSORT评估了22种免疫细胞的浸润。结果表明，卵泡辅助性T细胞，γδT细胞，单核细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的浸润在HPV +和HPV-HNSCC之间呈现出显着差异。总体而言，我们的发现可能为开发具有不同HPV状态的HNSCC的免疫疗法和个性化精密医学提供新的证据。表明卵泡辅助性T细胞，γδT细胞，单核细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的浸润在HPV +和HPV-HNSCC之间呈现出显着差异。总体而言，我们的发现可能为开发具有不同HPV状态的HNSCC的免疫疗法和个性化精密医学提供新的证据。表明卵泡辅助性T细胞，γδT细胞，单核细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的浸润在HPV +和HPV-HNSCC之间呈现出显着差异。总体而言，我们的发现可能为开发具有不同HPV状态的HNSCC的免疫疗法和个性化精密医学提供新的证据。