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Macroecological patterns of the terrestrial vegetation history during the end-Triassic biotic crisis in the central European Basin: A palynological study of the Bonenburg section (NW-Germany) and its supra-regional implications
Global and Planetary Change ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103286
Julia Gravendyck , Martin Schobben , Julien B. Bachelier , Wolfram M. Kürschner

Abstract The end-Triassic mass extinction is often linked to environmental and climate change triggered by the activity of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province ca. 201 Mya. In the German Triassic Basin, the transition from pre-extinction to the so-called extinction interval is documented from the fossil-rich Contorta Beds to the mostly barren Triletes Beds. However, despite the lack of macrofossils, plant microfossils are present and studying palynomorph diversity and assemblages still give us a detailed insight into the impact of environmental changes on the flora. Here, we present data from 64 samples taken from the new Triassic-Jurassic section ‘Bonenburgʼ, which originates from a brick quarry in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), and encompasses the Triassic–Jurassic transition in the Germanic Basin. Using palynofacies analysis, we document changes in the depositional environment. Based on terrestrial and marine palynological analysis, we also document quantitative changes in four assemblage zones for correlation with other European sections. Further, we discuss the vegetation history with special focus on the transition from the pre-extinction to extinction interval (Contorta to Triletes Beds). Additionally, we investigate palynofloral diversity patterns especially prior to the Triassic-Jurassic transition, to evaluate the ecological impact of environmental upheaval on the flora. Furthermore, we document intraspecific palynomorph variability, indicating a variety of aberrant spore, pollen, and tetrad formation, in the middle Rhaetian, the lowermost upper Rhaetian, and the lowest Hettangian. Our study supports existing paleogeographical reconstructions for the region and reveals, that vegetation underwent gradual changes with intermediate successional stages rather than dramatic extinction or drastic turnover as documented for animals. Diversity patterns coinciding with aberrant palynomorph occurrences, potentially associated with episodes of increased environmental stress, suggest three disturbances pulses of probably increasing severity. Although environmental stress in the context of diversity patterns seems a likely explanation for the occurrence of aberrant palynomorphs, further investigations are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and their evolutionary significance and temporal connection with biotic crises.

中文翻译:

中欧盆地三叠纪末生物危机期间陆地植被历史的宏观生态模式:博嫩堡剖面(德国西北部)的孢粉学研究及其超区域影响

摘要 三叠纪末大灭绝通常与中大西洋岩浆省活动引发的环境和气候变化有关。201 米娅。在德国三叠纪盆地,从化石丰富的 Contorta 层到大部分贫瘠的 Triletes 层,记录了从灭绝前到所谓的灭绝间隔的过渡。然而,尽管缺乏大型化石,植物微化石仍然存在,研究孢粉形多样性和组合仍然让我们详细了解环境变化对植物群的影响。在这里,我们展示了来自新三叠纪-侏罗纪剖面 'Bonenburgʼ 的 64 个样本的数据,该剖面起源于北莱茵-威斯特法伦州(德国)的一个采石场,包括日耳曼盆地的三叠纪-侏罗纪过渡。使用孢粉相分析,我们记录了沉积环境的变化。基于陆地和海洋孢粉学分析,我们还记录了四个组合区的数量变化,以与其他欧洲部分相关联。此外,我们讨论了植被历史,特别关注从灭绝前到灭绝间隔(Contorta 到 Triletes Beds)的过渡。此外,我们调查了孢粉植物多样性模式,特别是在三叠纪-侏罗纪过渡之前,以评估环境动荡对植物群的生态影响。此外,我们记录了种内孢粉型变异,表明在中雷蒂安、最低的上雷蒂安和最低的赫坦吉亚中存在各种异常的孢子、花粉和四分体形成。我们的研究支持该地区现有的古地理重建,并揭示了植被经历了中间演替阶段的逐渐变化,而不是动物所记录的急剧灭绝或急剧变化。多样性模式与异常孢粉体发生一致,可能与环境压力增加的事件相关,表明三个干扰脉冲的严重程度可能会增加。尽管多样性模式背景下的环境压力似乎是异常孢粉型发生的可能解释,但需要进一步研究以更好地了解潜在机制及其进化意义以及与生物危机的时间联系。植被经历了中间演替阶段的逐渐变化,而不是像记录的动物那样急剧灭绝或急剧变化。多样性模式与异常孢粉体发生一致,可能与环境压力增加的事件相关,表明三个干扰脉冲的严重程度可能会增加。尽管多样性模式背景下的环境压力似乎是异常孢粉型发生的可能解释,但需要进一步研究以更好地了解潜在机制及其进化意义以及与生物危机的时间联系。植被经历了中间演替阶段的逐渐变化,而不是像记录的动物那样急剧灭绝或急剧变化。多样性模式与异常孢粉体发生一致,可能与环境压力增加的事件相关,表明三个干扰脉冲的严重程度可能会增加。尽管多样性模式背景下的环境压力似乎是异常孢粉型发生的可能解释,但需要进一步研究以更好地了解潜在机制及其进化意义以及与生物危机的时间联系。可能与环境压力增加的事件相关,表明三个干扰脉冲的严重程度可能会增加。尽管多样性模式背景下的环境压力似乎是异常孢粉型发生的可能解释,但需要进一步研究以更好地了解潜在机制及其进化意义以及与生物危机的时间联系。可能与环境压力增加的事件相关,表明三个干扰脉冲的严重程度可能会增加。尽管多样性模式背景下的环境压力似乎是异常孢粉型发生的可能解释,但需要进一步研究以更好地了解潜在机制及其进化意义以及与生物危机的时间联系。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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