Abstract Climate change poses a serious threat to many farmers' yield and income. Previous studies often applied a general approach to examine climate change mitigation strategies implemented by farmers. Our study focuses on income diversification of cocoa farmers in Ghana as a strategy to cope with climate change. We compiled data from 400 cocoa farmers, and applied a Heckman two-step regression to investigate the probability and extent of cocoa farm income diversification. Further, we used beta regression to determine the share of annual farm income generated by diversification. Most cocoa farmers in our study region diversify farm income as a strategy to reduce climate change impacts. These strategies comprise crop and livestock diversification, intercropping of cocoa farms, provision of labour for other farmers, and agricultural-related economic off-farm activities. Factors that influence income diversification include the age of the farm, access to credits, extension contacts, the information sources on climate change, and government support. The study provides recommendations for policy- and decision-makers to enhance diversification strategies in the country's cocoa sector. These include the provision of financial credits, farm input subsidies, and farmers' training on farm management.

中文翻译：

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气候变化应对和适应策略：加纳的可可种植者如何实现农业收入多样化？

摘要 气候变化对许多农民的产量和收入构成严重威胁。以前的研究通常采用一般方法来检查农民实施的气候变化缓解策略。我们的研究侧重于将加纳可可种植者的收入多样化作为应对气候变化的策略。我们汇编了 400 名可可种植者的数据，并应用 Heckman 两步回归来调查可可种植园收入多样化的可能性和程度。此外，我们使用 beta 回归来确定多样化所产生的年农业收入份额。我们研究区域的大多数可可种植者将农业收入多样化作为减少气候变化影响的策略。这些战略包括作物和牲畜多样化、可可农场间作、为其他农民提供劳动力、和农业相关的非农经济活动。影响收入多样化的因素包括农场的年龄、获得信贷的机会、推广联系、气候变化的信息来源和政府支持。该研究为政策制定者和决策者提供建议，以加强该国可可部门的多元化战略。其中包括提供金融信贷、农业投入补贴和农民的农场管理培训。