Abstract For investigating the capacity for accumulation of heavy metals and their avoidance, a number of parameters were compared in plants of the sand violet (Viola rupestris) growing on a heavy metal heap and on a non-contaminated reference site, both rich in limestone. The plants collected from both sites showed large differences in the numbers and sizes of reproductive structures and the content of heavy metals both in roots and leaves. The accumulation capability for Zn, Cd and Pb in roots and leaves of the violets from the heavy metal site was high although not comparable to some heavy metal plants. High numbers of oxalate crystals were observed in plants from the polluted site which may serve to detoxify not only Ca, but also Zn, Cd and Pb. Almost all reproductive structures examined were lower in numbers and sizes in the plants from the contaminated site compared to the situation in the reference violets. The heavy metal content in the capsules of the plants from the heavy metal site, was, however, not as high as in roots and leaves which is seemingly a general phenomenon of plants occurring on heavy metal soils and being exposed to the toxicity of these elements. The present findings could serve as a basis for molecular studies on the adaptions of non-metallophytic plants to stress caused by heavy metal toxicity in contaminated soils.

中文翻译：

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沙紫，Viola rupestris 的不寻常特性，以应对重金属毒性

摘要 为了研究重金属积累和避免重金属的能力，对生长在重金属堆和未受污染的参考地点的沙紫（Viola rupestris）植物的许多参数进行了比较，两者都富含石灰石。从两个地点收集的植物在生殖结构的数量和大小以及根和叶中的重金属含量方面表现出很大差异。重金属位点紫罗兰根和叶中Zn、Cd和Pb的积累能力较高，但与某些重金属植物不相上下。在来自污染地点的植物中观察到大量草酸盐晶体，它们不仅可以解毒 Ca，还可以解毒 Zn、Cd 和 Pb。与参考紫罗兰的情况相比，受污染地点的植物中几乎所有检查的生殖结构的数量和大小都较低。然而，来自重金属站点的植物胶囊中的重金属含量不如根和叶中的高，这似乎是植物在重金属土壤上发生并暴露于这些元素的毒性中的普遍现象。 . 本研究结果可作为非金属植物植物对受污染土壤中重金属毒性引起的胁迫适应性的分子研究的基础。不像在根和叶中那么高，这似乎是植物在重金属土壤上发生并暴露于这些元素的毒性中的普遍现象。本研究结果可作为非金属植物植物对受污染土壤中重金属毒性引起的胁迫适应性的分子研究的基础。不像在根和叶中那么高，这似乎是植物在重金属土壤上发生并暴露于这些元素的毒性中的普遍现象。本研究结果可作为非金属植物植物对受污染土壤中重金属毒性引起的胁迫适应性的分子研究的基础。