Four new species of Pholidobolus lizards are described from poorly explored areas in the Andes of southern Ecuador based on morphological and genetic evidence. Among other morphological characters, Pholidobolus sameksp. nov. and P. condorsp. nov. differ from their congeners in having green dorsolateral stripes on head. Males of P. condorsp. nov. differ from those of P. sameksp. nov. in having reddish flanks and venter. P. dolichoderessp. nov. is distinguished by having a long neck, with more scales between orbit and tympanum, whereas P. fascinatussp. nov. is distinguished by lacking enlarged medial scales on collar and a conspicuous vertebral stripe. In addition, the phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred using DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. The phylogeny supports strongly monophyly of each of the new species and renders P. macbrydei paraphyletic and split into six subclades. Available data suggest that the new species have restricted distribution ranges (< 100 km2 each), and it is proposed that their classification be as Data Deficient or Critically Endangered species. The results reveal unexpected levels of diversity within Pholidobolus in the Andes of southern Ecuador and highlight the importance of improving scientific collections and conservation efforts in this area.

中文翻译：

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厄瓜多尔南部的 Pholidobolus 蜥蜴（有鳞蜥蜴、裸眼蜥蜴科）的系统学，包括四个新物种的描述。


根据形态和遗传证据，在厄瓜多尔南部安第斯山脉尚未开发的地区描述了四种新的 Pholidobolus 蜥蜴物种。除其他形态特征外，Pholidobolus Sameksp。十一月和P.Condorsp。十一月与同类不同的是，头上有绿色的背外侧条纹。雄性秃鹰。十一月与 P. Sameksp 不同。十一月具有微红色的侧翼和腹板。 P. dolichoderessp.十一月其特点是颈部较长，眼眶和鼓室之间有更多鳞片，而 P. fascinatussp。十一月其特点是衣领上缺乏增大的内侧鳞片和明显的脊椎条纹。此外，利用线粒体和核基因的DNA序列推断新物种的系统发育位置。系统发育强烈支持每个新物种的单系性，并使 P. macbrydei 并系并分为六个分支。现有数据表明，新物种的分布范围有限（每个< 100 km2），建议将其分类为数据缺乏或极度濒危物种。结果揭示了厄瓜多尔南部安第斯山脉 Pholidobolus 的多样性达到了意想不到的水平，并强调了改善该地区科学收藏和保护工作的重要性。