Sex hormones and their respective receptors affect vascular function differently in men and women, so it is reasonable to assume they play a role in the sex differences in cardiovascular disease states. This review focuses on how the effects of testosterone on arterial vessels impact the female vasculature. In women with androgen-excess polycystic ovary syndrome, and in transgender men, testosterone exposure is associated with high blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and dyslipidemia. These relationships suggest that androgens may exert pathophysiological effects on the female vasculature, and these effects on the female vasculature appear to be independent from other co-morbidities of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that the engagement of androgens with androgen receptor induces detrimental outcomes in the female cardiovascular system, thereby representing a potential causative link with sex differences and cardiovascular regulation. Gender affirming hormone therapy is the primary medical intervention sought by transgender people to reduce the characteristics of their natal sex and induce those of their desired sex. Transgender men, and women with androgen-excess polycystic ovary syndrome both represent patient groups that experience chronic hyperandrogenism and thus lifelong exposure to significant medical risk. The study of testosterone effects on the female vasculature is relatively new, and a complex picture has begun to emerge. Long-term research in this area is needed for the development of more consistent models and controlled experimental designs that will provide insights into the impact of endogenous androgen concentrations, testosterone doses for hormone therapy, and specific hormone types on function of the female cardiovascular system.

中文翻译：

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雄激素对女性血管系统的病理生理学影响。


性激素及其各自的受体对男性和女性血管功能的影响不同，因此可以合理地假设它们在心血管疾病状态的性别差异中发挥作用。本综述重点关注睾酮对动脉血管的影响如何影响女性脉管系统。在患有雄激素过多多囊卵巢综合征的女性和跨性别男性中，睾酮暴露与高血压、内皮功能障碍和血脂异常有关。这些关系表明雄激素可能对女性脉管系统产生病理生理学影响，并且这些对女性脉管系统的影响似乎独立于心血管疾病的其他合并症。有证据表明，雄激素与雄激素受体的结合会引起女性心血管系统的有害结果，从而代表与性别差异和心血管调节的潜在因果关系。性别肯定激素疗法是跨性别者寻求的主要医疗干预措施，以减少其出生性别的特征并诱导其期望性别的特征。跨性别男性和患有雄激素过多多囊卵巢综合征的女性都代表了患有慢性雄激素过多症并因此终生面临重大医疗风险的患者群体。关于睾酮对女性脉管系统影响的研究相对较新，复杂的情况已经开始出现。需要在这一领域进行长期研究，以开发更一致的模型和受控实验设计，从而深入了解内源性雄激素浓度、激素治疗的睾酮剂量以及特定激素类型对女性心血管系统功能的影响。