Colistin is one of the most effective antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the recent emergence of plasmid-borne mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes is considered a serious antimicrobial resistance challenge worldwide. In this study, we report detection of an mcr-1 carrying Escherichia coli isolate (named ATAVET mcr-1 Turkey) from retail raw chicken meat in Turkey. Of the 11 (from 500 total tested) phenotypically colistin-resistant isolates, 1 was shown to carry the mcr-1 gene by PCR. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that mcr-1 was located on a ∼13 kb-long contig that was almost identical to the corresponding part in pZJ1635, an IncI2 plasmid encoding mcr-1 in the same genetic context in another E. coli strain. In addition, ATAVET mcr-1 Turkey harbored bla_CTX-M-8, qnrB19, mdf(A), tet(A), sul2, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, and floR resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome and multilocus sequence typing indicated that ATAVET mcr-1 Turkey was more closely related to mcr-1 carrying E. coli isolates from food and human clinical samples previously reported from different parts of the world than to those from Turkey. These findings further emphasize the worldwide emergence and spread of mcr meditated colistin resistance in bacteria with zoonotic potential within animals and the food chain.

中文翻译：

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土耳其东部大肠杆菌中粘菌素抗性的流行率和零售鸡肉中 mcr-1 阳性菌株的基因组特征

粘菌素是对抗多重耐药革兰氏阴性菌最有效的抗生素之一。然而，最近出现的质粒携带的动员粘菌素抗性 ( mcr ) 基因被认为是世界范围内严重的抗菌素耐药性挑战。在这项研究中，我们报告了从土耳其零售生鸡肉中检测到携带大肠杆菌分离株（命名为 ATAVET mcr -1 土耳其）的mcr-1。在 11 个（来自 500 个测试的总数）表型粘菌素抗性分离株中，1 个通过 PCR显示携带mcr-1基因。全基因组测序表明mcr-1位于大约 13 kb 长的重叠群上，几乎与 pZJ1635 中的相应部分相同，pZJ1635 是一种 IncI2 质粒，在另一个大肠杆菌菌株的相同遗传背景下编码mcr-1。此外，ATAVET MCR -1土耳其窝藏BLA _CTX-M-8 ，qnrB19，中密度纤维板（A），TET（A），sul2，APH（3“） - IB，APH（6）-Id，和许抗性的基因。基于全基因组和多位点序列分型的系统发育分析表明ATAVET mcr -1土耳其与携带大肠杆菌的mcr-1更密切相关先前报道的来自世界不同地区的食物和人类临床样本中的分离株，而不是土耳其的。这些发现进一步强调了mcr介导的粘菌素耐药性在动物和食物链中具有人畜共患潜力的细菌在全球范围内的出现和传播。