Osteoarthritis (OA) has long been considered as a degenerative disease, but growing evidence suggests that inflammation plays a vital role in its pathogenesis. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, inflammation in OA is chronic and, in relatively low grade, mainly mediated by the innate immune system, especially macrophages. However, due to its low abundance, there is a lack of systematic studies on macrophages in the OA condition. Here, we have used single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to gain insight into the heterogeneity and functional specialization of human knee macrophages. We also compared the gene expression profiles of macrophages in healthy people and OA patients and found the characteristic changes of special macrophages in the OA knee. We believe that this in-depth understanding of the basis of OA inflammation will bring hope for the development of new therapies.

中文翻译：

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人骨关节炎中半月板组织巨噬细胞的单细胞转录组分析概况。

骨关节炎（OA）长期以来一直被视为变性疾病，但越来越多的证据表明炎症在其发病机理中起着至关重要的作用。与类风湿性关节炎和其他自身免疫性疾病不同，OA中的炎症是慢性的，并且等级较低，主要由先天免疫系统（尤其是巨噬细胞）介导。然而，由于其丰度低，在OA条件下对巨噬细胞缺乏系统的研究。在这里，我们已经使用单细胞RNA测序分析来深入了解人膝巨噬细胞的异质性和功能专长。我们还比较了健康人和OA患者巨噬细胞的基因表达谱，发现了OA膝关节中特殊巨噬细胞的特征变化。