This study analyzed the durational and spectral differences and their interaction in the production of seven German tense-lax vowel pairs between 30 German native speakers and 30 Mandarin learners of German. The results showed that Mandarin speakers differed significantly from the German speakers in producing the German tense-lax contrast. The general pattern was that Mandarin learners employed temporal features more strongly than spectral features to indicate the tense-lax contrast as compared to German speakers. The phonetic influences of the Mandarin language on the production of German tense and lax vowels are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

由德国母语者和中文普通话学习者制作的德语时态和松散元音的声学比较。

这项研究分析了在30位德国母语者和30位德语普通话学习者之间产生的七个德国时态-松散元音对的持续时间和频谱差异及其相互作用。结果表明，讲普通话的人与说德语的人在产生德语时态-松散对比方面有显着差异。通常的模式是，与德语使用者相比，普通话学习者使用时态特征的能力强于频谱特征，以表明时态松弛的对比。讨论了普通话对德语时态和松散元音产生的语音影响。