ABSTRACT The Skull Altar is located in the Historical Centre of Mexico City, part of the Sacred Precinct of Tenochtitlan built by the Aztecs. This Archaeological site is designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The Skull Altar contains a core of igneous stones, with walls made of rock wedges carved in the shape of skulls, covered with lime mortars, with remains of red and yellow polychromy. The building is composed of approximately 264 skulls. It is an example of the organic relationship that a stone object maintains with architecture in its constructive, formal, spatial and symbolic aspect. Many factors contribute to the deterioration of the site, all related to its geographical location within the valley of Mexico and the historical processes through which it has passed. The integrity and stability of the Skull Altar are affected by the slumping of the land caused by draining of the lake; previous archaeological and restoration interventions; and environmental conditions including factors such as humidity, temperature, light and the highly polluted environment. The knowledge obtained allows us to propose solutions to diminish the main causes of deterioration. It is a clear example of the need to inspect the environment, architecture and decorative elements in an organic multidisciplinary way.

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建筑与装饰元素的有机关系：墨西哥城阿兹特克骷髅祭坛保护的挑战

摘要 骷髅祭坛位于墨西哥城的历史中心，是阿兹特克人建造的特诺奇蒂特兰圣地的一部分。这个考古遗址被联合国教科文组织指定为世界遗产。骷髅祭坛包含火成石的核心，墙壁由雕刻成头骨形状的岩石楔子制成，覆盖着石灰砂浆，并带有红色和黄色的多色残骸。该建筑由大约 264 个头骨组成。它是石头物体在其建设性、形式、空间和象征方面与建筑保持有机关系的一个例子。许多因素导致该遗址的恶化，所有因素都与其在墨西哥山谷内的地理位置以及它所经历的历史进程有关。骷髅祭坛的完整性和稳定性受到湖泊排水造成的土地塌陷的影响；以前的考古和修复干预措施；环境条件，包括湿度、温度、光线和高度污染的环境等因素。获得的知识使我们能够提出解决方案，以减少恶化的主要原因。这是需要以有机的多学科方式检查环境、建筑和装饰元素的一个明显例子。